“…Concurrently, dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs) have emerged as a focal point of research interest owing to their intrinsic advantages, which include heightened radiation efficiency, expanded bandwidth, facile excitation, and compact form factors. Moreover, the absence of ohmic losses renders DRAs particularly appealing for applications in millimeter-wave (mmWave) and terahertz (THz) systems [ 5 , 6 , 7 ]. Consequently, many studies have explored the development of frequency, pattern, and polarization reconfigurable DRAs, as reported in [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ], for example.…”