Dielectric resonator antenna array for X‐band and microwave imaging applications

Gupta, Anshul; Reddy, S. P. Vijaya Vardan; Gangwar, Ravi Kumar

doi:10.1002/mop.31081

Cited by 5 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The 2D microwave image is reconstructed to get a clue about the position of the breast phantom as shown in figure 14(a The efficiency of the proposed DRA for microwave imaging applications is verified by comparing its performance with some exiting DRA designs in terms of size, operating frequency, imaging techniques and experimental validation are as given in table 2. In the reported work, the researchers purposed a complex and large sized DRA [14][15][16][17][18]20] for microwave imaging techniques with only narrow or wider frequency bands. Additionally they did not validate their results experimentally with artificial breast phantom [14][15][16][17][18][19][20].The proposed DRA is simple in structure, small in size and provides UWB characteristic.…”

Section: 22delay Multiply and Sum (Dmas)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Low Cost and Efficient Breast Cancer Detection Method With a Staircase Shaped Ultrawide Band Dielectric Resonator Antenna Using Monostatic Radar Based Microwave Imaging Technique

Kaur¹,

Kaur²

2021

Preprint

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In this article, a staircase shaped ultra-wide band dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) has been used as a sensor for detection of breast tumor by monostatic radar based microwave imaging (MRMWI).The proposed DRA has fractional bandwidth (BW) 98.5% and high peak gain 5.98dB along with dual polarization behavior from 5.12-8.2GHz and 11.02-13.8GHz. In MRMWI setup, DRA is placed over the breast phantom at a distance of 7mm and provides the safe exposure of radiation (<1.6W/Kg). For simulation, it rotates around the phantom at a fixed interval in elevation (0-180◦) and azimuthal (0-360◦) planes. It works as a radiate and receive the reflected signals towards and from the scanned area simultaneously. To validate the results, fabricated DRA is connected to vector network analyzer and rotates (as done for simulation) around the artificial breast phantom. That is a replica of human breast made from gelatin+sugar, Vaseline and wheat flour+water equivalent to skin, fat and tumor respectively. Afterward S11responses are recorded in the presence and absence of tumor inside the phantom. A significant variation in recorded values leads to the detection of tumor that processed further in beam-forming algorithms; delay and sum (DAS) and delay-multiply and sum (DMAS) to reform 2-dimensional image of tumor in MATLAB.

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Section: 22delay Multiply and Sum (Dmas)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Low Cost and Efficient Breast Cancer Detection Method With a Staircase Shaped Ultrawide Band Dielectric Resonator Antenna Using Monostatic Radar Based Microwave Imaging Technique

Kaur¹,

Kaur²

2021

Preprint

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“…The feed line of copper material is optimized to an “I” shape ( t = 0.035 mm) to provide an impedance matching of 50 Ω to the proposed antenna, this is deposited over the top surface of the FR4 substrate as shown in Figure 1A. The width ( w ) of the microstrip fed antenna is calculated using Equation ) 12

Z_{0} = \frac{120 π / \sqrt{ε_{ff}}}{\frac{w}{h} + 1.393 + 0.667 \ln ((), \frac{w}{h} + 1.444)},

where

ε_{ff = \frac{ε_{r} + 1}{2} + \frac{ε_{r} - 1}{2} ([], {((), 1 + 12 \frac{h}{w})}^{- 1 / 2})}

.…”

Section: Proposed Antenna's Geometry and Design Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monostatic radar‐based microwave imaging of breast tumor detection using a compact cubical dielectric resonator antenna

Kaur

2020

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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This research article presents a proficient, convenient, and low-cost monostatic radar-based microwave imaging (RBMI) technique for the breast tumor detection. For this, a compact cubical dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) with impedance bandwidth of 8.3 GHz (ie, 4.3-12.6 GHz) has been simulated using CST V 0 17. In proposed monostatic RBMI technique, the designed DRA is placed parallel to the breast phantom and rotated around it at an interval of 10 in elevation plane (0-π) and azimuthal plane (0-2π), respectively; first, without and then with tumor inside the breast phantom. Total 1080 back-scattered signals are recorded for the entire impedance bandwidth, and processed for microwave imaging. For the validation of results, fabricated antenna is rotated around the artificial breast mimic. The artificial breast mimic is made up from gelatin (skin), petroleum jelly (fat), and wheat flour (tumor). The backscattered signals from the artificial breast phantom have been recorded on the vector network analyzer model no. E5063A for both the cases that is, with absence and presence of tumor at different position and time intervals. The recorded S-parameters have been processed in two beam-forming algorithms; delay and sum (DAS), delay multiply and sum (DMAS). These signals are then converted into digital data and processed in the MATLAB, to visualize the 2D image of the scanned area to detect the breast tumor. By comparing the reconstructed images, it is concluded that the DAS algorithm provides just a clue about the presence of the tumor, but DMAS provides the accurate position and size of the breast tumor.

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“…Monostatic radar MWI uses an UWB antenna as a sensor in either a monostatic radar based configuration to record the backscattered “ S ” parameter signals from the scanned body area, to detect tumors in the scanned body area and localize its position using beam‐forming algorithms 9 . The literature survey in this context presents various types of antennas like the biconical, 10 Vivaldi, 11 Horn, 12 stacked microstrip patch (MPA) 13 and dielectric resonator antenna (DRA), 14–16 and so forth. But all the presented antennas are large and do not possess UWB properties 14,16–18 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The literature survey in this context presents various types of antennas like the biconical, 10 Vivaldi, 11 Horn, 12 stacked microstrip patch (MPA) 13 and dielectric resonator antenna (DRA), 14–16 and so forth. But all the presented antennas are large and do not possess UWB properties 14,16–18 . Though a stacked aperture couple UWB antenna presented in References 13,18 is used for monostatic MWI of breast cancer, it does not suffice the requirement of simple structure, small size and lesser conduction losses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, 540 backscattered S ‐parameter signals are recorded and then processed using three beam‐forming algorithms mainly; DAS, IDAS, DMAS to reconstruct a 2D image of the scanned breast area to detect and locate the breast tumor. The validation of the proposed MWI technique is done by testing the fabricated antenna on a vector network analyzer and preparing the artificial breast phantom with three layers each with different electrical properties for skin (crushed gelatin powder

ε_{r} = 45 - 65

), fat (vaseline

ε_{r} = 2.36

) and tumor (wheat flour

ε_{r} = 23

) 14 . The measurements of S parameters are also done with the breast phantom for validation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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“C” shaped dual polarized dielectric resonator antenna for the microwave imaging of breast tumor using beam‐forming algorithms

Kaur

2022

Int J RF Mic Comp-Aid Eng

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In this article, an ultra‐wideband (UWB) monostatic radar based microwave imaging (MWI) approach is proposed to detect the presence and localize the position of breast tumor in women (usually greater than 45 years of age). For this purpose, a “C” shaped elliptically polarized DRA (dielectric resonator antenna) with an impedance bandwidth of 7.3 GHz (i.e., 3.4–10.7 GHz) covering the UWB has been proposed as a sensor to record the backscattered S parameter signals from the breast tissues. This is done by rotating the proposed DRA in monostatic radar configuration around the breast phantom with an interval of 30° in elevation (0–180) and azimuthal planes (0–360), respectively. The recorded “S” parameter data is then processed using beam‐forming algorithms namely delay and sum (DAS), improved delay and sum (IDAS), delay multiply and sum (DMAS) to form 2D images of the breast tumor and locate its position (using MATLAB R 2013a). The design and simulation of the entire set up that includes the C shaped UWB DRA & Bio media (breast phantom) is done using CST MWS V'17. The fabrication of the proposed DRA is carried out using wet etching and water jet cutting process. The physical model of the Bio media is prepared using gelatin (skin), petroleum‐jelly (fat), and wheat‐flour (tumor). The validation of antenna radiation parameters is done using a VNA (vector network analyzer) model no. E5063A and good agreement between the simulated and measured results is observed. The proposed C shaped DRA is used in a monostatic radar based configuration to collect “S” parameters and the data is processed in a GPU to reconstruct a 2D image of the scanned breast phantom area. The size and detected location of tumor using beam‐forming is also close to the actual physical location of tumor with an error of 6.2% from the actual tumor location.

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Dielectric resonator antenna array for X‐band and microwave imaging applications

Cited by 5 publications

References 16 publications

A Low Cost and Efficient Breast Cancer Detection Method With a Staircase Shaped Ultrawide Band Dielectric Resonator Antenna Using Monostatic Radar Based Microwave Imaging Technique

A Low Cost and Efficient Breast Cancer Detection Method With a Staircase Shaped Ultrawide Band Dielectric Resonator Antenna Using Monostatic Radar Based Microwave Imaging Technique

Monostatic radar‐based microwave imaging of breast tumor detection using a compact cubical dielectric resonator antenna

“C” shaped dual polarized dielectric resonator antenna for the microwave imaging of breast tumor using beam‐forming algorithms

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