Dielectric properties of tetrafluoroethane (R134) gas and its mixtures with N 2  and air as a sustainable alternative to SF 6  in high voltage applications

Ullah, Rahmat; Ullah, Zahid; Haider, Aun; Amin, Salman; Khan, Faisal

doi:10.1016/j.epsr.2018.04.019

Cited by 24 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Gaining and losing of the electrons could occur depending on the field applied and attachment and detachment capability of the insulating medium. Losing electrons or detachment coefficients is symbolized by η as shown in Equation (2). When a single electron travels per unit length, several electrons produced in that specified path are defined by Townsend first ionization coefficient, α. R152a is an electronegative gas, and all negative ions are created by gaining electrons from neutral molecules R152a, which as a result become positive ions after losing electrons.…”

Section: Mixture Ratio Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is also non-flammable as compared to the insulating mineral oils particularly for the indoor environments. However, possessing the aforesaid features and properties SF 6 has been regrettably found to be a damaging greenhouse gas stated by the Kyoto Protocol that it is 22,800 times more harmful than CO 2 for the same masses of both the gases over a time span of 100 years [2,3]. Therefore, SF 6 is included in the prohibited list for ecological safety.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environment-Friendly and Efficient Gaseous Insulator as a Potential Alternative to SF6

et al. 2019

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Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) is commonly used in electrical insulation networks due to its superior dielectric properties. However, it possesses a high Global Warming Potential (GWP) of 22,800 times compared to CO2 (at equal mass over a time span of 100 years) and a high atmospheric lifetime. This alarming metric prompted investigation for substitute gases with minor environmental influences. The overall objective of this research is to evaluate refrigerant R152a as a potential alternative for SF6 in electrical insulation systems. R152a gas has a significantly reduced value of GWP (140) and is a cheap insulation medium as compared to SF6. In this paper, dielectric breakdown testing of R152a and a mixture of CO2 with different concentrations have been tested. The dielectric strength of R152a/CO2 gas shows a saturated growth trend with increasing the gap difference, gas pressure and mixing ratio of R152a. Based on our experimental conditions, R152a/CO2 gas reveals good dielectric properties, and insulation performance can reach up to 96% of SF6. Finally, this work will bring a cost-effective and environment-friendly gaseous insulator for utility companies and power equipment manufacturers.

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Section: Mixture Ratio Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environment-Friendly and Efficient Gaseous Insulator as a Potential Alternative to SF6

et al. 2019

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“…The R-134a gas provided 0.85 times dielectric strength, compared to SF 6 and possessed good synergistic effect with buffer gases. However, carbon deposited on electrode and breakdown voltage decayed significantly after 12 breakdowns [31], [32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Dielectric Properties of HFC-227ea (Heptafluor-Opropane) and its Mixtures With HFC-125 (Pen-Tafluoroethane) as a Substitute for SF₆

et al. 2019

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Due to the greenhouse effect of SF 6 , the research on alternative insulation gases is currently a hot topic in high voltage engineering. The refrigerant gas such as HFC-227ea with low GWP has stable chemical properties, and high dielectric strength because of a large number of fluorine atoms. However, it is necessary to add buffer gases for relatively high liquefaction temperature(−16.7 • C) of HFC-227ea. In this article, the dielectric strengths of HFC-227ea and its gas mixtures under different gas pressure, mixture composition and ratio are investigated under DC and AC electric fields. At atmospheric pressure, the results show that the breakdown voltage of HFC-227ea mixed with N 2 or CO 2 could only account for 60% of SF 6 gas. When HFC-227ea is mixed with HFC-125, which has similar chemical composition and structure, their dielectric strength can reach at least 80% of SF 6 gas and the gas mixture shows good synergistic effect. At higher gas pressure, the HFC-227ea/HFC-125 gas mixture at pressure of 0.8 MPa and low HFC-227ea content has the best insulating performance and it is suitable for a lower operating temperature, demonstrating the potential of substituting SF 6 for gas insulated electrical equipment. INDEX TERMS SF 6 alternatives, HFC-227ea, HFC-125, gas mixture, dielectric breakdown.

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“…It has global warming potential (GWP) 1700, atmospheric lifetime 16 years, and zero ozone depletion potential (ODP) [11]. In [8], R134 being analysed as alternative to SF 6 but it has high liquification temperature. In Table 1, properties of R410A are compared with that of R12, R134, and SF 6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the dielectric properties of R410A Gas as an alternative to SF ₆ for high‐voltage applications

et al. 2019

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Electric power industry is extensively using gas-insulated systems for the transmission and distribution of electrical energy. In high-voltage technology, the gas insulation is dominated by Sulphur-hexafluoride (SF 6) since the early 60th. It is a greenhouse gas and has long atmospheric lifetime. This paper proposes comparatively more environmental friendly R410 gas as an alternative to SF 6 for high-voltage applications. To validate the performance and theoretical concepts, it has been analysed experimentally. Buffer gases air and carbon dioxide were mixed with the base gas R410A to reduce the liquification temperature and global warming potential. Dielectric strength of R410A was tested for DC as well as AC voltage, results were compared with that of SF 6 and other alternatives available in literature, and the results were comparable. Insulation selfrecoverability test of R410A was performed and the synergistic effect of the mixed gases was calculated. Consequently, this work has discovered that R410A is the suitable alternative to SF 6 for high-voltage applications.

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Dielectric properties of tetrafluoroethane (R134) gas and its mixtures with N 2 and air as a sustainable alternative to SF 6 in high voltage applications

Cited by 24 publications

References 16 publications

Environment-Friendly and Efficient Gaseous Insulator as a Potential Alternative to SF6

Environment-Friendly and Efficient Gaseous Insulator as a Potential Alternative to SF6

Dielectric Properties of HFC-227ea (Heptafluor-Opropane) and its Mixtures With HFC-125 (Pen-Tafluoroethane) as a Substitute for SF₆

Analysis of the dielectric properties of R410A Gas as an alternative to SF ₆ for high‐voltage applications

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Dielectric properties of tetrafluoroethane (R134) gas and its mixtures with N 2 and air as a sustainable alternative to SF 6 in high voltage applications

Cited by 24 publications

References 16 publications

Environment-Friendly and Efficient Gaseous Insulator as a Potential Alternative to SF6

Environment-Friendly and Efficient Gaseous Insulator as a Potential Alternative to SF6

Dielectric Properties of HFC-227ea (Heptafluor-Opropane) and its Mixtures With HFC-125 (Pen-Tafluoroethane) as a Substitute for SF6

Analysis of the dielectric properties of R410A Gas as an alternative to SF 6 for high‐voltage applications

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Dielectric Properties of HFC-227ea (Heptafluor-Opropane) and its Mixtures With HFC-125 (Pen-Tafluoroethane) as a Substitute for SF₆

Analysis of the dielectric properties of R410A Gas as an alternative to SF ₆ for high‐voltage applications