The paper presents the impact of SiO2 nano-filler in epoxy resin (ER) on changes of dielectric properties and time to the breakdown. Several composites were tested with the mass fraction of 0.5 wt%, 1 wt% and 2 wt% of SiO2, respectively. The frequency spectra of the real and imaginary parts of complex dielectric constant were measured by a capacitance method within the frequency range from 1 mHz to 1 MHz. The mass fraction 0.5 wt% nanoparticles (NPs) in ER caused the evident decrease of the complex permittivity, while 1 wt% or 2 wt% yielded similar permittivity as measured in the pure ER sample. This change of the permittivity with the nano-filler concentration is discussed on the basis of the multi-core model. Moreover, SiO2 NPs also caused the frequency shift of the local maximum of permittivity to lower frequencies which corresponds with the α-polarization process. The internal partial discharges in the ER and its mixtures with the SiO2 nano-filler by the galvanic method and acoustic method are presented. The decrease of the time to breakdown with the increase of SiO2 the mass fraction is reported, too.