Dielectric Properties and Complex Impedance Analysis of BT–BMT–BS Ceramics

Structural, dielectric and impedance spectroscopy analysis of Ba5CaTi1.94Zn0.06Nb8O30ferroelectric ceramic

“…10 A stoichiometric perovskite ABO 3 has an activation energy E a ¼ 2 eV, while the value of E a is 1 eV for ABO 2.95 and 0.5 eV for ABO 2.90 . 53,54 The values of the activation energy E a of the grain and the grain boundary are respectively 0.364 and 0.638 eV, suggesting that oxygen vacancies are responsible for the conduction mechanism in Ba 5 CaTi 1.94 Zn 0.06 Nb 8 O 30 ceramic. Furthermore, it is known that, the most mobile ionic species in ferroelectric oxides (perovskite, tungsten bronze lattice.)…”

Structural and impedance spectroscopic study of Zn-substituted Ba5CaTi2Nb8O30 tetragonal tungsten bronze ceramics

“…xZnxNb8O30 ceramics decreases with increasing Zn content. For a stoichiometric perovskite ABO3, the activation energy is Ea = 2eV, while the value of Ea is lowered to 1eV for ABO2.95 and 0.5eV for ABO2.90 [59,60]. Furthermore, it is known that the most mobile ionic species in the perovskite tungsten bronze lattice are the single and double ionized OVs.…”

Influence of A‐site nonstoichiometry on the electrical properties of BT‐BMT

“…The main drawback of BT is the sharp Curie point near ~126°C which hinders its use in higher temperature applications . A number of material systems have been proposed in the past for high‐temperature applications; among which, BaTiO 3 ‐BiMg 0.5 Ti 0.5 O 3 (BT‐BMT) has attracted a considerable attention because of its high relative permittivity . The defect chemistry of both end‐members (BT and BMT) show that the electrical conductivity is dominated by oxygen ion conduction.…”

“…8,9 A number of material systems have been proposed in the past for high-temperature applications; among which, BaTiO 3 -BiMg 0.5 Ti 0.5 O 3 (BT-BMT) has attracted a considerable attention because of its high relative permittivity. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] The defect chemistry of both end-members (BT and BMT) show that the electrical conductivity is dominated by oxygen ion conduction. The 6S2 electron lone pairs related to the Biions are involved in hybridization with the 2P orbitals of the O-ions in Bi-based perovskite such as Na 0.5 Bi 0.5 TiO 3 (NBT)-based system 20 therefore, BMT may have similar characteristics because the "lone pair effect" is also observed in Bi 3+ -doped BT.…”