Dielectric, electric, and piezoelectric properties of three‐phase piezoelectric composite based on castor‐oil polyurethane, lead zirconate titanate particles and multiwall carbon nanotubes

Filho, Fernando C. M. Freire; Santos, Josiane A.; Sanches, Adhemar; Medeiros, Eliton S.; Malmonge, José Antônio; Silva, Michael J.

doi:10.1002/app.53572

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 67 publications

(127 reference statements)

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“…where σ dc is the DC electrical conductivity (plateau or frequency-independent region), A is the preexponential factor, related to the strength of polarizability, and n is the fractional exponent that can vary between 0 and 1 [56]. The exponent n is related to the degree of interaction between the charge carriers and the networks around them, suggesting that electrical conduction may occur through hopping and/or interfacial polarization [57,58]. Table 2 presents the results of fitting log σ (f ) versus log (frequency) curves (Figure 4A,B) using Equation ( 4) for all nanocomposite samples.…”

Section: Impedance Spectroscopy (Is)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Piezoresistive and Electrical Properties of Conductive Nanocomposite Based on Castor-Oil Polyurethane Filled with MWCNT and Carbon Black

et al. 2023

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Flexible films of a conductive polymer nanocomposite-based castor oil polyurethane (PUR), filled with different concentrations of carbon black (CB) nanoparticles or multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), were obtained by a casting method. The piezoresistive, electrical, and dielectric properties of the PUR/MWCNT and PUR/CB composites were compared. The dc electrical conductivity of both PUR/MWCNT and PUR/CB nanocomposites exhibited strong dependences on the concentration of conducting nanofillers. Their percolation thresholds were 1.56 and 1.5 mass%, respectively. Above the threshold percolation level, the electrical conductivity value increased from 1.65 × 10−12 for the matrix PUR to 2.3 × 10−3 and 1.24 × 10−5 S/m for PUR/MWCNT and PUR/CB samples, respectively. Due to the better CB dispersion in the PUR matrix, the PUR/CB nanocomposite exhibited a lower percolation threshold value, corroborated by scanning electron microscopy images. The real part of the alternating conductivity of the nanocomposites was in accordance with Jonscher’s law, indicating that conduction occurred by hopping between states in the conducting nanofillers. The piezoresistive properties were investigated under tensile cycles. The nanocomposites exhibited piezoresistive responses and, thus, could be used as piezoresistive sensors.

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Section: Impedance Spectroscopy (Is)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Piezoresistive and Electrical Properties of Conductive Nanocomposite Based on Castor-Oil Polyurethane Filled with MWCNT and Carbon Black

et al. 2023

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“…The integration of piezoelectric particles, leveraging their ability to generate electric charge in response to loads, expands the materials available for SHM. This ability is also capitalized due to the inherent properties of piezoelectric particles, which are known for their high piezoelectric coefficients and applicability for a wide range of applications [48,49]. This paper aims to uncover the underlying principles governing the synthesis and performance of SSMs with embedded piezoelectric particles in aluminium parts, shedding light on their potential transformative impact on structural engineering.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enabling electrical response through piezoelectric particle integration in AA2017-T451 aluminium parts using FSP technology

Ferreira,

Caçador,

Machado

et al. 2024

Smart Mater. Struct.

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In the field of structural engineering, the integration of smart materials and structural health monitoring (SHM) has given rise to self-sensing materials (SSM), leading to a paradigm shift in SHM. This paper focuses on the interplay between self-sensing capabilities and the piezoelectric properties of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) and barium titanate (BT) in aluminium components. Leveraging Friction Stir Processing (FSP), the study explores the synthesis and performance of self-sensing materials with embedded piezoelectric particles, potentially transforming structural engineering. The paper highlights FSP as a key methodology for incorporating piezoelectric particles into structural materials, showcasing its potential in developing self-sensing materials with enhanced functionalities. A specific focus is placed on integrating PZT and BT particles into AA2017-T451 aluminium parts using FSP, with metallographic assessments and mechanical property evaluations conducted to analyse particle distribution and concentration. This study shows how BT and PZT particles are incorporated into AA2017-T451 aluminium to create a self-sensing material that responds to external stimuli. Under cyclic loading, the self-sensing materials exhibit a linear load-electrical response correlation, with sensibility increasing at lower frequencies. Metallographic analysis shows homogeneous particle distribution, while PZT induces increased brittleness and brittle fractures. Yield strength remains relatively stable, but ultimate strength decreases post-FSP. Hardness variations indicate weaker bonding with PZT particles. Eddy's current testing aligns with hardness profiles, and sensorial characterization reveals a non-linear frequency-sensibility relationship, showcasing the SSMs' suitability for low-frequency applications, particularly with PZT embedment.

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“…have been investigated. [35][36][37] Recently, waterborne polyurethanes (WPUs) have been studied extensively in the sector of surface coatings and films due to the advantages of environmental friendliness (low VOC emissions) and good performance in chemical resistance, abrasion resistance, flexibility, toughness, and adhesion. 38 WPUs are thus regarded as appropriate matrices for piezoelectric composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, the fabrication and piezoelectric properties of PU‐based composites containing inorganic ceramics (PZT, BT, etc.) have been investigated 35–37 . Recently, waterborne polyurethanes (WPUs) have been studied extensively in the sector of surface coatings and films due to the advantages of environmental friendliness (low VOC emissions) and good performance in chemical resistance, abrasion resistance, flexibility, toughness, and adhesion 38 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Piezoelectric nanocomposite films based on anionic waterborne polyurethane and barium titanate nanoparticle: Fabrication, microstructure, and property characterization

Seo,

Tang,

Kim

et al. 2023

Polymer Composites

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We report the fabrication, microstructure, thermal property, and piezoelectric performance of flexible waterborne polyurethane (WPU) nanocomposite films reinforced with barium titanate (BT) nanoparticles with ~50 nm diameter. An anionic segmented WPU was synthesized via bulk polymerization, and its nanocomposite films containing 10–40 wt% BT were fabricated via aqueous dispersion casting and hot pressing. Although the BT nanoparticles interacted with the urethane groups of the WPU hard segment by inducing the separation of the semicrystalline soft segment, they were aggregated in the WPU matrix. Accordingly, the glass transition temperature of the WPU matrix decreased with BT content, but the melting temperature increased. As the BT content increased in the nanocomposite films, the thermal decomposition temperature of the WPU soft segment showed a slight decrease, while the decomposition temperature of the hard segment increased. Additionally, the residue at 600°C increased significantly from 2.0% for neat WPU film to 36.3% for the nanocomposite film containing 40 wt% BT. The piezoelectric outputs attained by the nanocomposite films increased with BT content. Under compressive stress of 23 kPa, the nanocomposite film containing 40 wt% BT was able to achieve the highest piezoelectric voltage of ~0.51 V, a current of ~43.0 nA, and an electric power of ~21.9 nW. For the nanocomposite film, a linear relationship between the piezoelectric out voltage and the applied compressive stress with a slope of ~0.0253 was also observed.Highlights Anionic waterborne polyurethane (WPU) with hard/soft segments is synthesized. Barium titanate (BT) nanoparticles are adopted as a piezoelectric nanofiller. WPU/BT nanocomposites are manufactured by dispersion casting and hot pressing. Specific interactions between BT nanoparticles and WPU hard segments exist. Piezoelectric outputs of nanocomposites increase with BT content and stress.

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Dielectric, electric, and piezoelectric properties of three‐phase piezoelectric composite based on castor‐oil polyurethane, lead zirconate titanate particles and multiwall carbon nanotubes

Cited by 6 publications

References 67 publications

Evaluation of Piezoresistive and Electrical Properties of Conductive Nanocomposite Based on Castor-Oil Polyurethane Filled with MWCNT and Carbon Black

Evaluation of Piezoresistive and Electrical Properties of Conductive Nanocomposite Based on Castor-Oil Polyurethane Filled with MWCNT and Carbon Black

Enabling electrical response through piezoelectric particle integration in AA2017-T451 aluminium parts using FSP technology

Piezoelectric nanocomposite films based on anionic waterborne polyurethane and barium titanate nanoparticle: Fabrication, microstructure, and property characterization

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