Dielectric characterization of microwave sintered lead zirconate titanate ceramics

Abstract

Highly reactive lead zirconate titanate powders (PZT) with different compositions were successfully synthesized by the oxidant-peroxo method (OPM) and used to prepare dense ceramic samples with composition near to the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) sintered at 1000°C for 2 h using a tubular conventional oven and a commercial microwave system. Crystalline phases were identified in the powder and ceramic samples by X-ray powder diffraction and FT-Raman spectroscopy at room temperature. The fractured surface of the ceramic sample showed a high degree of densification with fairly uniform grain sizes. Dielectric constants measured in the range from 30 to 500°C at different frequencies (1, 10 and 100 kHz) indicated a normal ferroelectric behavior regardless of the sintering method. Samples sintered by a microwave radiation (MW) method and composition near to the MPB region showed a maximum dielectric constant of 17.911 and an anomalous high Curie temperature of 465°C.

Relative Investigation on Microwave-Assisted Zr-Modified PbTiO3 and BaTiO3 Ferroelectric Ceramics for Energy Storage Application

“…PZT sintered at 935 °C has a tetragonal crystal structure with a P4mm space group. Goncalves et al 17 also reported a similar Rietveld refinement are listed in Table 2. The reliability parameters are listed in Table S1 of the Supporting Information.…”

“…Figure illustrates the schematic diagram of the microwave furnace and the pictorial representation of the working principle self-heating process . Previously, there are several reports of microwave-sintered modified PbTiO 3 − and BaTiO 3 . , …”

Making the Case for Scaling Up Microwave Sintering of Ceramics

“…[41] The polarization characteristics of the ceramic dielectrics are nonlinear due to a wider particle size distribution and presence of impurities, arising as a result of heterogeneous mixing during ceramic powder synthesis. [42,43] As a result of this nonlinearity, ceramic dielectric permittivity, a material property that determines the extent of polarization of the ceramic molecules under the influence of electric field, eventually turns nonhomogeneous.…”

Influence of the Sintering Method on the Properties of a Multiferroic Ceramic Composite Based on PZT-Type Ferroelectric Material and Ni-Zn Ferrite

“…In addition to searching for new types of multiferroic materials, an intensive search for effective technological methods for their production (synthesis and sintering) to meet these unique requirements has been underway [ 1 , 4 ]. Numerous synthesis methods of ceramic materials are known, e.g., solid-state reaction technique [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ], calcination [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ], sol-gel [ 14 , 15 ], gel-combustion [ 16 ], mechanochemical activation [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ], and the self-developing synthesis of SHS [ 21 , 22 ], as well as sintering methods, e.g., free sintering (pressureless sintering) [ 23 ], hot pressing [ 24 , 25 , 26 ], microwave sintering [ 23 , 27 , 28 ], spark plasma sintering SPS [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ], and cold-sintering-assisted sintering CSS [ 33 , 34 ]. Well-known methods of synthesis and sintering are used to improve the functional properties of multiferroic materials, which are appropriately modified and combined in the technological process.…”