Dieldrin uptake and translocation in plants growing in hydroponic medium

Abstract

It has been known that the Cucurbitaceae family takes up a large amount of persistent organic pollutants from soils and that the translocation of those compounds in cucurbits is higher than those in non-cucurbits. To understand the persistent organic pollutant uptake mechanisms of plant species, we compared the dieldrin absorption and transportation potentials of several plants in hydroponic medium. Sorghum (Sorghum vulgare Moench), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), soybean (Glycine max), komatsuna (Brassica rapa var. peruviridis), white-flowered gourd (Lagenaria siceraria var. hispida), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), and zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.) were grown in a dieldrin-added hydroponic medium for 10 d, and then the amount of dieldrin in their shoots and roots was measured. All of the roots contained dieldrin, whereas only the cucurbits (white-flowered gourd, cucumber, and zucchini) contained considerable amounts of dieldrin in their shoots. The dieldrin uptake to the roots depended on the concentration of the n-hexane soluble components in the roots, regardless of whether the dieldrin in the roots was translocated to shoots or not. The dieldrin uptake from the solution to the roots was thought to be due to a passive response, such as adsorption on the roots. The translocation of dieldrin from the roots to the shoots was probably through the xylems. The amounts of dieldrin in the shoots per transpiration rates were higher for cucurbits than for non-cucurbits. It seems likely that cucurbits have uptake mechanisms for hydrophobic organic chemicals.

Field study on the uptake and translocation of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in biosolids-amended soils

“…The inverse relationship indicated that the acropetal transfer potential from roots to straws for short-chain PFAAs was higher than that for long-chain PFAAs, which may be due to the relatively large molecule and/or high lipophilicity of long-chain PFAAs when compared with short-chain PFAAs. It is suggested that the transport of POPs from roots to stems was mainly through transpiration (Murano et al, 2010;Collins et al, 2006;Burken and Schnoor, 1998). POPs with smaller size and lower lipophilicity are more easily translocated from root to shoot (Zhao et al, 2012;Satchivi et al, 2006).…”

Uptake, translocation, and debromination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in maize

“…The initial height of the solution surface was marked, and pre-aerated Hoagland nutrient solution was added every day to the marked line to replace any losses. The decrease in the amount of solution in one day was considered to be the transpiration rate (Murano et al, 2010). Exposure experiments of the three PBDEs were conducted separately to avoid the complexity resulting from PBDE debromination and volatilization.…”

Relationship between dieldrin uptake in cucumber fruits and methanol–water extractable residue in soil

“…7,16) Further, Murano et al 17) suggested that protein-like materials in the xylem sap deliver dieldrin from the roots to the shoots. If these protein-like materials are photosynthetic products, the di erence in FCF with harvesting time can be explained.…”

“…5) Dettenmaier et al 6) found that the transpiration stream concentration factor, which is the ratio of the contaminant concentration in the xylem sap to that in the hydroponic or soil solution surrounding the roots, showed a signi cant negative correlation with K ow . However, Murano et al 7) reported that the roots of all plant types studied (cucurbits, sorghum, sun ower, soybean, and komatsuna) contained dieldrin, whereas only the cucurbits (white-owered gourd, cucumber, and zucchini) contained considerable amounts of dieldrin in their shoots when grown in a hydroponic medium. Otani et al 8) found that only the cucurbits took up dieldrin, and uptake by plants of the other 16 families was small or negligible when grown in dieldrin-contaminated soil.…”