Diel Vertical Migration of Zooplankton in Lakes and Oceans

Ringelberg, J.

doi:10.1007/978-90-481-3093-1

Cited by 110 publications

(118 citation statements)

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“…Behavioral strategies for predator avoidance are phenotypically plastic in several zooplankton species, where predator kairomones induce increases in swimming responses to light (Cohen and Forward, 2009;Ringelberg, 2010;Williamson et al, 2011). Here, we extend previously observed kairomone-induced changes to defensive photobehavior to another crab species and more importantly, report evidence that increases in visual sensitivity at the physiological and structural level in the eyes of both crab species are consistent with these behavioral changes.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…shadow responses; Cohen and Forward, 2003). Many zooplankton species also descend with small increases in downwelling light, and these responses are thought to contribute to depth regulation behavior, such as diel vertical migration (Cohen and Forward, 2009;Ringelberg, 2010;Williamson et al, 2011). Diel vertical migration is thought to be the greatest migration of biomass on Earth and generally describes a habitual night-time ascent to food-abundant surface waters and a daytime descent to darker waters (Hays, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical cues from fish heighten visual sensitivity in larval crabs through changes in photoreceptor structure and function

Charpentier

Cohen

2015

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Several predator avoidance strategies in zooplankton rely on the use of light to control vertical position in the water column. Although light is the primary cue for such photobehavior, predator chemical cues or kairomones increase swimming responses to light. We currently lack a mechanistic understanding for how zooplankton integrate visual and chemical cues to mediate phenotypic plasticity in defensive photobehavior. In marine systems, kairomones are thought to be amino sugar degradation products of fish body mucus. Here, we demonstrate that increasing concentrations of fish kairomones heightened sensitivity of light-mediated swimming behavior for two larval crab species (Rhithropanopeus harrisii and Hemigrapsus sanguineus). Consistent with these behavioral results, we report increased visual sensitivity at the retinal level in larval crab eyes directly following acute (1-3 h) kairomone exposure, as evidenced electrophysiologically from V-log I curves and morphologically from wider, shorter rhabdoms. The observed increases in visual sensitivity do not correspond with a decline in temporal resolution, because latency in electrophysiological responses actually increased after kairomone exposure. Collectively, these data suggest that phenotypic plasticity in larval crab photobehavior is achieved, at least in part, through rapid changes in photoreceptor structure and function.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical cues from fish heighten visual sensitivity in larval crabs through changes in photoreceptor structure and function

Charpentier

Cohen

2015

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…This is a vertical movement, generally involving a 24 h cycle, the causes of which are not yet fully understood (Ringelberg, 2010). Three main patterns have been identified: "normal" or "nocturnal" DVM involves animals moving deeper in the water column during the day and shallower at night.…”

Section: Diel Vertical Migrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal variations of zooplankton biomass in the Ligurian Sea inferred from long time series of ADCP data

Bozzano

Fanelli²,

Pensieri

et al. 2014

Ocean Sci.

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Abstract. Three years of 300 kHz acoustic doppler current profiler data collected in the central Ligurian Sea are analysed to investigate the variability of the zooplankton biomass and the diel vertical migration in the upper thermocline. After a pre-processing phase aimed at avoiding the slant range attenuation, hourly volume backscattering strength time series are obtained. Despite the lack of concurrent net samples collection, different migration patterns are identified and their temporal variability examined by means of time-frequency analysis. The effect of changes in the environmental condition is also investigated. The highest zooplankton biomasses are observed in April-May just after the peak of surface primary production in March-April. The main migration pattern found here points to a "nocturnal" migration, with zooplankton organisms occurring deeper in the water column during the day and shallower at night. Also, twilight migration is highlighted during this study. The largest migrations are recorded in November-December, corresponding to lowest backscattering strength values and they are likely attributable to larger and more active organisms (i.e. euphausiids and mesopelagic fish). The results suggest further applications of the available historical acoustic doppler current profiler time series.

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“…including the age class discrimination in the biennial, Table 1) were made for all 3 years on weighted mean depths (Basedow et al, 2010, Ringelberg, 2010) and weighted mean temperatures at which animals of the three groups resided at the times of sampling, both measures correcting for the different widths of the sampled strata. ANOVA was performed, followed by between group comparisons with post hoc Tukey's test at a = 0.05.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioural and physiological mechanisms behind extreme longevity in Daphnia

et al. 2012

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The combined effect of external environment and energy allocation strategy of the organism on longevity can be exceptional. In a cold oligotrophic fishless habitat, individual Daphnia can live for over a year, several times the usual Daphnia lifespan. This extreme lifespan is in part a consequence of the overwintering strategy which includes storing resources and delaying reproduction until another spring. Yet, contrasting strategies may be applied by Daphnia, resulting in over twofold differences in lifespan within a single habitat. We identify physiological mechanisms mediating such differences in longevity in closely related Daphnia of two lineages coexisting within a high altitude lake, testing the predictions that long-lived animals stay in colder waters and have lower metabolic rates, irrespective of temperature. Vertical distribution of the animals was assessed during three summer stratification seasons, and metabolic activity was measured as oxygen consumption and RNA:DNA ratio. The results not only support our predictions but also reveal that habitat choice is dependent on reproductive status rather than genotype. The young individuals of the overwintering lineage may delay reproduction in part by staying in colder waters than the reproducing adults, which together with low intrinsic metabolic rates may underlie the longevity of Daphnia of this lineage.

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Diel Vertical Migration of Zooplankton in Lakes and Oceans

Cited by 110 publications

References 0 publications

Chemical cues from fish heighten visual sensitivity in larval crabs through changes in photoreceptor structure and function

Chemical cues from fish heighten visual sensitivity in larval crabs through changes in photoreceptor structure and function

Temporal variations of zooplankton biomass in the Ligurian Sea inferred from long time series of ADCP data

Behavioural and physiological mechanisms behind extreme longevity in Daphnia

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