Diel variation of TCO2 in the upper layer of oceanic waters reflects microbial composition, variation and possibly methane cycling

Johnson, Kenneth M.; Davis, Paul G.; Sieburth, J. Mc N.

doi:10.1007/bf00393204

Cited by 29 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…This has been found in coastal waters (Sieburth et al 1977, Meyer-Reil et al 1979, Hagstrom & Larsson 1984, simulated ecosystems (Burney et al 1981), the open ocean (Bumey et al 1982, Johnson et al 1983, and water overlying coral reefs (Moriarty et al 1985). Carlucci et al (1984) reported higher amino acid metabolism rates during the day than at night in our samples; this generally coincides with our observed pattern of bacterial production rates discussed here.…”

Section: Bacterioplanktonsupporting

confidence: 91%

Diel variations in bacterioplankton, phytoplankton, and related parameters in the Southern California Bight

Fuhrman¹,

Eppley²,

Hagström³

et al. 1985

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

125

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The principal objectives of this study were (i) to determine the extent of coupling between phytoplankton and microheterotrophs on the shelf off Southern California. (ii) to compare different measures of primary and bacterial secondary production, and (iii) to assess whether sampling times should be as strictly controlled for microheterotroph as for autotroph studies. Two diel cycles (May and October) were studied by sampling an isotherm as the ship followed paired submerged drogues. We found significant die1 changes of chlorophyll, 14C bicarbonate incorporation, bacterial abundance and thymidine incorporation, frequency of dividing bacterial cells (FDC), abundance of non-pigmented flagellates, particulate organic carbon and nitrogen and their ratios, and dissolved oxygen. These parameters all had higher values dunng daylight hours than at night, showing close coupling between the phytoplankton (light-forced) and the microheterotrophs. The ratio of in vivo to extracted chlorophyll a fluorescence, however, displayed a maximum at midnight and minimum at midday, suggesting an endogenous rhythm. Primary production measured by the 14C method was similar to net production inferred from in situ oxygen changes. Short-lived peaks in FDC values suggested partly synchronized bacterial division.

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Section: Bacterioplanktonsupporting

confidence: 91%

Diel variations in bacterioplankton, phytoplankton, and related parameters in the Southern California Bight

Fuhrman¹,

Eppley²,

Hagström³

et al. 1985

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

125

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“…values may be caused by nitrate utilization (Burris 1981, Williams et al 1979 and by low light (Anderson & Sand-Jensen 1980); low P.Q. values may be caused by photorespiration (Burris 1981), photooxidation and microbial activities (Johnson et al 1983). However, in the integrated data set (9 mesocosms measured weekly for 9 mo) these processes appear to cancel out and more traditional ratios were obtained (Table 3).…”

Section: System Metabolism Ratiosmentioning

confidence: 93%

A comparison of system (02 and C02) and C-14 measurements of metabolism in estuarine mesocosms

Oviatt¹,

Rudnick²,

Keller³

et al. 1986

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Metabolism in estuarine mesocosms was measured by total system oxygen and carbon dioxide and by C-14 bottle incubations to determine the effects of nutrient enrichment (6 levels) over a 9 mo period. These data provided an unprecedented opportunity for calculating metabolic ratios and determining the impact of other system processes. System metabolism ratios based on daily data varied from 0 to 5.0. System metabolism ratios of P.Q. and R Q. based on integrated data were highly correlated (r = 0.95 to 0.96) and similar to traditional ratios obtained in phytoplankton studies. A system photosynthetic quotient of 1.2 and a system respiratory quotient of 1.1 were calculated from the integrated data. These ratios were only slightly affected by carbon dioxide diffusion and 3 benthic processes: denitrification, sulfur metabolism and calcium carbonate dissolution. There was no trend for system metabolism ratios up the nutrient gradient. The C-14 estimations of productivity appeared nitrogen limited in the lower nutrient treatments and provided lower estimates than the 2 system measures of production

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“…For reasons of sensitivity, oxygen is the usual determinant and comprises most (>90%) of the global database. Carbon dioxide (either pCO 2 or total dissolved inorganic carbon, DIC) has also been used (Johnson et al 1983. Dark incubations are necessary for the measurement of respiration via oxygen or carbon dioxide flux to eliminate concurrent counter fluxes of the same compounds by photosynthesis.…”

Section: Principle Of the Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiration and its measurement in surface marine waters

Robinson¹,

Williams²

2005

Respiration in Aquatic Ecosystems

153

173

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OutlineThis chapter reviews the current state of knowledge of the process and measurement of microplankton respiration in marine surface waters. The principal approaches are outlined and their potentials and limitations discussed. A global database, containing 1662 observations has been compiled and analyzed for the spatial and temporal distribution of surface water respiration. The database is tiny compared to that of photosynthesis and biased with respect to season, latitude, community structure, and depth. Measurements and models show that the major portions of respiration lies in that attributable to bacteria (12-59%) and to algae A global estimate of 13.5 Pmol O 2 a −1 is derived from the mean depth-integrated rate, which significantly exceeds contemporary estimates of ocean plankton production (2.3-4.3 Pmol O 2 a −1 ). This difference is at variance with the results of mass-balance calculations, which suggest a small difference (ca. 0.18) between oceanic production and respiration. The reasons for this are discussed. IntroductionThis chapter reviews our present understanding of the process of marine planktonic respiration, and the methodologies used for its determination. We collate the global database of measured respiration and use it to assess how far we can determine seasonal, regional, and latitudinal patterns of distribution. Measurements of respiration are not yet routine within national and international marine biogeochemical programs. A significant relationship between respiration and more routinely measured parameters would substantially progress our ability to determine its spatial and temporal variability. We investigate whether such a relationship exists. Linked to this is the importance of an appreciation of the distribution of respiration within the microbial food web, and so improved food web model parameterization and verification. When considered on comparable time and space scales, the balance between plankton respiration and photosynthesis indicates the potential amount of photosynthetically fixed carbon available for export from the upper mixed layer. We assume that the epipelagic zone of the open oceans approaches this ideal, and analyze the distributions of respiration and photosynthesis in order to assess the global balance between photosynthesis and respiration. Available approaches and their constraintsRates of planktonic respiration can be derived in a number of ways: (i) from the measurement of the rate of production/consumption of a product 147

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Diel variation of TCO2 in the upper layer of oceanic waters reflects microbial composition, variation and possibly methane cycling

Cited by 29 publications

References 52 publications

Diel variations in bacterioplankton, phytoplankton, and related parameters in the Southern California Bight

Diel variations in bacterioplankton, phytoplankton, and related parameters in the Southern California Bight

A comparison of system (02 and C02) and C-14 measurements of metabolism in estuarine mesocosms

Respiration and its measurement in surface marine waters

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