Diel turbidity cycles in a headwater stream: evidence of nocturnal bioturbation?

Cooper, Richard J.; Outram, Faye N.; Hiscock, Kevin M.

doi:10.1007/s11368-016-1372-y

Cited by 18 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…This yielded a near-continuous record of river turbidity (NTU) for a period of 58 months prior to wetland installation (October 2011 -August 2016) and 16 months after installation (November 2016-February 2018. These turbidity measurements were then calibrated against suspended particulate matter concentrations (SPM) by ordinary least squares regression using between 93 and 299 river water grab samples previously collected at each site under a range of highand low-flow conditions between May 2012 and March 2014 (Figure S1) (Cooper et al, 2016).…”

Section: Riverine Monitoring: High-resolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigating river sediment enrichment through the construction of roadside wetlands

Cooper

Battams

Pearl

et al. 2019

Journal of Environmental Management

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Metalled roads have been shown to act as a major pathway for land-to-river sediment transfer, but there currently exists limited research into mitigation solutions to tackle this pollution source. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of three roadside constructed wetlands, installed in September 2016, at reducing sediment enrichment in a tributary of the River Wensum, UK. Two wetland designs were trialled (linear and 'U-shaped'), both of which act as settling ponds to encourage entrained sediment to fall out of suspension and allow cleaner water to discharge into the river. Wetland efficiency was monitored through automated, high-resolution (30 min) turbidity probes installed upstream and downstream of the wetlands, providing a near-continuous record of river turbidity before (October 2011 -August 2016) and after (November 2016 -February 2018) installation. This was supplemented by lower resolution monitoring of the wetland inflows and outflows, as well as an assessment of sediment and nutrient accumulation rates within the linear wetland. Results revealed median river sediment concentrations decreased up to 14% after wetland construction and sediment load decreased by up to 82%, although this was largely driven by low river discharge post-installation. Median sediment concentrations discharging from the linear wetland (7.2 mg L -1 ) were higher than the U-shaped wetland (3.9 mg L -1 ), confirming that a longer flow pathway through wetlands can improve sediment retention efficiency. After 12 months of operation, the linear wetland had retained 7,253 kg (305 kg ha -1 y -1 ) of sediment, 11.6 kg (0.5 kg ha -1 y -1 ) of total phosphorus, 29.7 kg (1.3 kg ha -1 y -1 ) of total nitrogen and 400 kg (17 kg ha -1 y -1 ) of organic carbon. This translates into mitigated pollutant damage costs of £392 for sediment, £148 for phosphorus and £13 for nitrogen, thus giving a combined total mitigated damage cost of £553 y -1 . With the linear wetland costing £3,411 to install and £145 -182 y -1 to maintain, this roadside constructed wetland has an estimated payback time 8 years, making it a cost-effective pollution mitigation measure for tackling sediment-enriched road runoff that could be widely adopted at the catchment-scale.

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Section: Riverine Monitoring: High-resolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigating river sediment enrichment through the construction of roadside wetlands

Cooper

Battams

Pearl

et al. 2019

Journal of Environmental Management

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“…Although unexpected, observations of night‐time increases in particle concentration in riverine systems are not unique and have been attributed to nocturnal biological activity, for example, night‐time feeding or foraging behaviour by fish or crayfish. Gillain (); Loperfido, Just, Papanicolaou, and Schnoor (); and Harvey et al (), Rice, Johnson, Extence, Reeds, and Longstaff (), and Cooper, Outram, and Hiscock () observed diel turbidity fluctuations in streams in Georgia, Iowa, and the United Kingdom, respectively. Gillain () explored instrumentation effects, sediment transport, and biological activity as potential sources of night‐time turbidity increases and concluded that biological activity was the likely cause of diel turbidity cycling.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

OPTically‐based In situ Characterization System (OPTICS) to quantify concentrations and mass fluxes of mercury and methylmercury in South River, Virginia, USA

Chang

Martin

Spada

et al. 2018

River Research & Apps

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Historical releases of mercury to the South River (Virginia, USA) and mobilization of mercury from secondary sources (e.g., riverbed and riverbank sediments) is contributing to the redistribution of mercury to the water column. Therefore, in order to effectively remediate the South River, it is necessary to understand specific mechanisms for mercury contamination and transport in the system. An OPTically-based In situ Characterization System (OPTICS) monitoring study was conducted to quantify concentrations and mass fluxes of mercury and methylmercury and to understand mechanisms of contaminant exchange between sediments and the water column. Storm flow and diel cycling (potentially related to nocturnal bioturbation activities) were identified as important mechanisms of particulate-phase mercury and methylmercury exchange to the South River water column. It was determined that diel cycling contributed daily average mass transport of 0.01 kg of particulate mercury and 1.9E-05 kg of particulate methylmercury, representing up to 13% and 16% of total mercury and methylmercury mass transported over the study period. Approximately 85% of the 3.6 and 0.01 kg total mass transport of particulate mercury and methylmercury over the study period was attributed to high storm flow, which likely resulted in resuspension of particle-bound mercury and methylmercury and/or mobilization of finegrained channel margin deposits.

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“…ii) Examination of the dominant facets of turbidity and discharge that influence sediment ingress using correlation matrices and the development of linear regression models using the principal component sample scores. (Harvey et al, 2014;Rice et al, 2014;Cooper et al, 2016) although this was not an explicit consideration in the research reported here.…”

Section: Principal Component Analysis a Well-established Multivariatmentioning

confidence: 92%

Discharge and suspended sediment time series as controls on fine sediment ingress into gravel river beds

Mathers

Rice

Wood

2019

CATENA

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Fine sediment availability and channel hydraulics are two of the primary controls on the ingress of fine sediment into gravel river beds. A novel dataset consisting of fine sediment ingress measurements coupled with high-resolution turbidity and discharge time series, was analysed to investigate relations between ingress, discharge and turbidity. Discharge and turbidity demonstrated a weak association with each other, and their relations with fine sediment ingress were relatively weak. An alternative, but widely applied 'redundancy' approach was investigated that focused on key metrics, or facets, of the discharge and turbidity time series and their association with fine sediment ingress. Principal component analysis was used to distil the most important facets driving variation in the discharge and turbidity datasets and these were then used as independent variables in regression models with sediment ingress as the dependent variable. These models accounted for a larger amount of the statistical variation in sediment ingress over time than discharge and turbidity time series. Facets of the turbidity time series were found to be the most effective explanatory variables. The results suggest that this approach could be valuable and justify its application and testing across a range of river types in different hydrological and sedimentary settings. Application of this method could improve our generic understanding of what controls ingress at larger spatial and temporal scales and therefore complements process-based approaches, which is vital for the development of fine sediment management strategies.

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Diel turbidity cycles in a headwater stream: evidence of nocturnal bioturbation?

Cited by 18 publications

References 31 publications

Mitigating river sediment enrichment through the construction of roadside wetlands

Mitigating river sediment enrichment through the construction of roadside wetlands

OPTically‐based In situ Characterization System (OPTICS) to quantify concentrations and mass fluxes of mercury and methylmercury in South River, Virginia, USA

Discharge and suspended sediment time series as controls on fine sediment ingress into gravel river beds

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