Diel growth in eelgrass Zostera marina

Kemp, W. Michael; Murray, Laura; Borum, Jens; Sand‐Jensen, Kaj

doi:10.3354/meps041079

Cited by 24 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…Similarly, modeled blade lengths correspond well to photographic measurements. In general, both modeled shoot densities and depth ranges align well with field observations in the restored seagrass meadows in Hog Island Bay Kemp et al (1987) max …”

Section: Light Limitation Functionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Modeling the effects of climate change on eelgrass stability and resilience: future scenarios and leading indicators of collapse

Carr¹,

D’Odorico²,

McGlathery³

et al. 2012

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Seagrass meadows influence local hydrodynamics in coastal bays, resulting in a decrease in the shear stress acting on the underlying bed sediment. The reduced sediment suspension and water column turbidity creates a more favorable light environment for further seagrass growth. This positive feedback is strong enough to induce depth-dependent bistable dynamics with 2 possible stable states, an extant meadow and a bare sediment surface. A coupled vegetation-growth hydrodynamic model was used to investigate eelgrass stability and leading indicators of ecosystem shift under the effects of sea-level rise and increases in water temperature associated with climate change. The model was applied to Hog Island Bay, a shallow coastal bay within the Virginia Coast Reserve, USA, where eelgrass restoration efforts are ongoing. The results indicate that while extant eelgrass meadows are likely to tolerate sea-level rise, an increase in the frequency of days when summer water temperature exceeds 30°C will cause more frequent summer die-offs. This increase in the number of higher temperature disturbance events is likely to push a dense meadow initially located within the bistable depth range (1.6 to 1.8 m mean sea level) toward and eventually past a critical bifurcation point, from which recovery is not possible. We identified 2 leading indicators of a meadow nearing this bifurcation point, both associated with the number of leaves per shoot: 'flickering,' which reflects conspicuous fluctuations from one attractor to the other across the threshold, and 'slowing down,' which is the decreased recovery from perturbations as a system gets close to a threshold. Our model indicates that the eelgrass in these coastal bays has limited resilience to increases in water temperatures predicted from current climate change models.

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Section: Light Limitation Functionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Modeling the effects of climate change on eelgrass stability and resilience: future scenarios and leading indicators of collapse

Carr¹,

D’Odorico²,

McGlathery³

et al. 2012

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…This was confirmed by simultaneously conducted light measurements (PAR; 400 to 700 nm; ranging from 1.5 E m-' d-l in winter to 11.5 E m-2 d p l in summer) which wdl be presented elsewhere together with a more detailed description of the entire experimental procedure (Peduzzi et al unpubl. ; see also Kemp et al 1987, Murray & Wetzel 1987.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Live roots and rhizomes were separated from dead macro-organic matter which was excluded from all determinations. Throughout most of the study period the leaves were not subjected to severe epiphytism and occasional epigrowth could easily be removed with fingernails when necessary (Kemp et al 1987). The material was dried at 75°C to constant weight to determine the dry weight of each fraction.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary production of Cymodocea nodosa in the Gulf of Trieste (Northern Adriatic Sea): a comparison of methods

Peduzzi¹,

Vuković²

1990

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Net primary production of Cymodocea nodosa, a common seagrass in the Mediterranean Sea, was monitored in the Gulf of Trieste using 3 techniques. Production ylelds obtained by a method based on changes in biomass and leaf export, as indicated by the presence of leaf scars, were compared with 2 other approaches, a marking technique and the oxygen evolution in situ. In August-September, maximum total standing biomass at 3 stations ranged between 323 and 1020 g dry wt m-2. At the shallowest station, ca 88 % of total biomass was below ground, compared to 61 % at deeper stations. Leaf area indices varied throughout the growing season between 0.12 and 7.24, indicating a distinct seasonal pattern in leaf production. On average up to 10 leaves were produced shoot-' yr-l; export rates of leaf material were highest in summer. Leaf production, as estimated by the leaf scar and marking techniques, ranged from 356 to 692 g dry wt m-2 yr-l. Combined annual rhizome-root production was highest at the shallowest station (234 g dry wt m-2) compared to 72 g dry wt m-2 at deeper stations.Annual total net primary production based on the 02-method yielded the lowest results, but the seasonal pattern correlated well with results from the marking technique. Each of the 3 methods, when applied conscientiously accordmg to the desired information, can provide reasonable estimates for the production of C. nodosa, although the 02-technique possibly underestimates production peaks. In order to estimate production yields only, the leaf scar method is recommended as an easily applicable technique. If production rate is one of the parameters of interest, the marking technique appears the most reliable. Average total net pnmary production was calculated to be ca 620 g dry wt m-' yr-' for C. nodosa for this part of the Adriatic Sea. Turnover rates of maximum total plant material and of only leaf material were 1.1 and 3 yr-' respectively.

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“…A relatively constant 15% of above ground productivity is transferred into growing new leaves [Kemp et al, 1987]. A new leaf is added when enough biomass has been transferred to form a new leaf.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Site specific measured values were utilized wherever available. Above to belowground biomass translocation rate, and transfer of aboveground production to new leaf growth were set as a constant fraction of aboveground productivity [Kemp et al, 1987]. As such, translocation and new leaf production varied seasonally with above ground productivity.…”

Section: P Limmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability and resilience of seagrass meadows to seasonal and interannual dynamics and environmental stress

et al. 2012

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[1] Shallow coastal bays provide habitat for diverse fish and invertebrate populations and are an important source of sediment for surrounding marshes. The sediment dynamics of these bays are strongly affected by seagrass meadows, which limit sediment resuspension, thereby providing a more favorable light environment for their own survival and growth. Due to this positive feedback between seagrass and light conditions, it has been suggested that bare sediment and seagrass meadows are potential alternate stable states of the benthos in shallow coastal bays. To investigate the stability and resilience of seagrass meadows subjected to variation in environmental conditions (e.g., light, temperature), a coupled model of vegetation-sediment-water flow interactions and vegetation growth was developed. The model was used to examine the effect of dynamically varying seasonal and interannual seagrass density on sediment resuspension, water column turbidity, and the subsequent light environment on hourly time steps and then run over decadal time scales. A daily growth model was designed to capture both belowground biomass and the growth and senescence of aboveground biomass structural components (e.g., leaves and stems). This allowed us to investigate how the annual and seasonal variability in shoot and leaf density within a meadow affects the strength of positive feedbacks between seagrass and their light environment. The model demonstrates both the emergence of bistable behavior from 1.6 to 1.8 m mean sea level due to the strength of the positive feedback, as well as the limited resilience of seagrass meadows within this bistable range.

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Diel growth in eelgrass Zostera marina

Cited by 24 publications

References 18 publications

Modeling the effects of climate change on eelgrass stability and resilience: future scenarios and leading indicators of collapse

Modeling the effects of climate change on eelgrass stability and resilience: future scenarios and leading indicators of collapse

Primary production of Cymodocea nodosa in the Gulf of Trieste (Northern Adriatic Sea): a comparison of methods

Stability and resilience of seagrass meadows to seasonal and interannual dynamics and environmental stress

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