Diel behaviour and time budget of the adult pine weevil <i>Hylobius abietis</i>

Fedderwitz, Frauke; Björklund, Niklas; Ninkovic, Velemir; Nordlander, Göran

doi:10.1111/phen.12053

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The influence of light on the pine weevil feeding behaviour has already been studied in Picea abies by Pohris (1983), who found twofold greater wounding area on seedlings after 31 h of exposure to the weevil under constant darkness than under constant full light regimes. Accordingly, a more intense feeding behaviour of pine weevil at night-time than during the day-time was found in laboratory chamber observations (Fedderwitz et al, 2014). In our study, feeding damage on the three assayed pine species was about twice as intense under light deprivation compared to control plants exposed to natural sunlight.…”

Section: The Pine Weevil Fed More On Pines Under Dark Conditionssupporting

confidence: 65%

Carbon starvation by light deprivation does not constrain the ability of young pines to produce induced chemical defences in response to a bark-chewing herbivore

López‐Goldar

Sampedro

Zas

2016

Environmental and Experimental Botany

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Pine tree chemical defence is based on constitutive and inducible carbon-rich substances (mainly oleoresin and phenolic compounds) present in pine tissues in conspicuously high concentrations. Resistance at early stages is essential for future fitness, and allocation of carbon resources to chemical defences may signify a relevant carbon sink for juvenile pines. However there is still poor knowledge about the extent to which allocation priorities of recently assimilated and stored C pools to chemical defences are plastic in response to biotic stress. We aimed to determine the extent to which the production of induced chemical defences in pine trees in response to herbivory depends on the availability of current photosynthates or if they can be built upon stored C pools. Two years-old trees of three pine species (P. pinaster, P. sylvestris and P. radiata) were exposed to real herbivory by the pine weevil Hylobius abietis, a bark-chewing insect, during one week under conditions of either natural sunlight or complete light deprivation. Weevil damage and the concentration of chemical defences in the whole stem were measured in a time-course design with destructive sampling. We analysed, using an ANCOVA approach, whether the ability to increase the concentration of chemical defences in response to weevil damage was altered by light deprivation. We hypothesised that if induced defences are built mainly upon current photoassimilates, then carbon starvation by light deprivation should strongly hamper the production of new defences. For all pine species, concentration of non-volatile resin significantly increased in response to weevil damage, which was more intense under dark conditions. ANCOVA analysis showed that light deprivation did not constrain the ability of young 3 pines to respond to weevil damage by increasing non-volatile resin content in the stems. No significant covariation was found for total polyphenolics. By evaluating chemical defences in the whole stem, and restricting C assimilation by complete light deprivation, we can infer that young pines were able to use other carbon sources than current photosynthates, likely stored carbon pools, for de novo synthesis of induced chemical defences in response to insect herbivory. Disentangling the plasticity in the use of C sources for the synthesis of induced defences is crucial for understanding the ability of pine trees to respond to multiple stressors in a changing environment. Please refer to the video summary (Appendix F) for a quick overview.

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Section: The Pine Weevil Fed More On Pines Under Dark Conditionssupporting

confidence: 65%

Carbon starvation by light deprivation does not constrain the ability of young pines to produce induced chemical defences in response to a bark-chewing herbivore

López‐Goldar

Sampedro

Zas

2016

Environmental and Experimental Botany

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“…Pine weevils also have been observed previously feeding on P. abies needle tissues (Fedderwitz et al 2014). We found that the oxygenated monoterpenes bornyl acetate and 1,8-cineole were the main volatiles in P. abies needles, and that MeJA induced minor increases in their contents in P. abies phloem.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…When older, their bouquet shifts mainly to mono- and sesqui-terpenes (Pettersson et al 2008), and seedlings usually are taken from nurseries and established in the field at an age of 1–3 yr. (Hallsby 2013). The pine weevil also has been observed to feed on needles (Fedderwitz et al 2014), which may activate inducible defenses. Terpene defense chemicals that are produced in a tissue upon attack may be reallocated to other tissues as part of an induced defense system (Heijari et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methyl Jasmonate-Induced Monoterpenes in Scots Pine and Norway Spruce Tissues Affect Pine Weevil Orientation

et al. 2016

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In large parts of Europe, insecticide-free measures for protecting conifer plants are desired to suppress damage by the pine weevil Hylobius abietis (L.). Treatment with methyl jasmonate (MeJA), a chemical elicitor already used in crop production, may enhance expression of chemical defenses in seedlings in conifer regenerations. However, in a previous experiment, MeJA treatment resulted in substantially better field protection for Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) than for Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). Hypothesizing that the variations may be at least due partly to volatiles released by MeJA-treated seedlings and their effects on pine weevil orientation, we examined tissue extracts of seedlings (from the same batches as previously used) by two-dimensional GC-MS. We found that the MeJA treatment increased contents of the monoterpene (−)-β-pinene in phloem (the weevil’s main target tissue) of both tree species, however, the (−)-β-pinene/(−)-α-pinene ratio increased more in the phloem of P. sylvestris. We also tested the attractiveness of individual monoterpenes found in conifer tissues (needles and phloem) for pine weevils using an arena with traps baited with single-substance dispensers and pine twigs. Trap catches were reduced when the pine material was combined with a dispenser releasing (−)-β-pinene, (+)-3-carene, (−)-bornyl acetate or 1,8-cineole. However, (−)-α-pinene did not have this effect. Thus, the greater field protection of MeJA-treated P. sylvestris seedlings may be due to the selective induction of increases in contents of the deterrent (−)-β-pinene, in contrast to strong increases in both non-deterrent (−)-α-pinene and the deterrent (−)-β-pinene in P. abies seedlings.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10886-016-0790-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Video files were watched at up to 169 normal speed, but during periods when the weevils were feeding the playback speed was slowed, allowing recordings with a precision of 0.04 s. If an observation session ended with a non-feeding period, it was merged with the first non-feeding period of the same session in the analysis to minimize underestimation of the length of non-feeding intervals and represent the continuity between days. This minimizes a potential source of bias, as non-feeding intervals are more likely to be cut off by the experimental design than feeding intervals, due to their greater length and diel distribution (Fedderwitz et al, 2014). Non-feeding intervals that were shorter than 1 s were excluded from all further analysis, as they probably represented chewing or swallowing events that could not be detected on the video.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The structure of feeding behavior in a phytophagous insect (Hylobius abietis)

Fedderwitz

Björklund

Ninkovic

et al. 2015

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Analysis of the feeding behavior of animals using such a high temporal resolution that meals can be defined may improve our understanding of the mechanisms regulating feeding. Meals can be distinguished in an ethologically meaningful manner by using the ‘meal criterion’, the shortest non‐feeding interval between feeding bouts recognized as meals. However, such a criterion has only been determined for a few insect species. Applying a recent method developed for assessing meal criteria for vertebrates, we determined the meal criterion for Hylobius abietis (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on data from video recordings of single individuals feeding on seedlings of Norway spruce, Picea abies (L.) Karst. (Pinaceae). The pine weevil is an economically important pest insect, because it feeds on the stem bark of planted conifer seedlings. Weevils had 4–5 meals per day. Each meal lasted about 24 min during which about 13 mm2 of bark per meal were removed. Females had longer total meal durations and longer non‐feeding intervals within meals than males. Girdling seedlings did not affect the weevils' feeding properties. The size of meals was significantly correlated with the duration of non‐feeding intervals before and after them. This study is one of few describing the feeding behavior of an insect at a temporal resolution that allows individual meals to be distinguished. With more meal‐related data from insects available, differences in meal properties may be interpreted based on phylogeny, ecology, and physiology. Our results may also assist in the setup and interpretation of studies of plant‐insect interactions, and facilitate the evaluation and development of methods to protect plants against herbivores.

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Diel behaviour and time budget of the adult pine weevil Hylobius abietis

Abstract: 24The pine weevil (Hylobius abietis (L.); Coleoptera: Curculionidae) has a high economic impact

Cited by 15 publications

References 35 publications

Carbon starvation by light deprivation does not constrain the ability of young pines to produce induced chemical defences in response to a bark-chewing herbivore

Carbon starvation by light deprivation does not constrain the ability of young pines to produce induced chemical defences in response to a bark-chewing herbivore

Methyl Jasmonate-Induced Monoterpenes in Scots Pine and Norway Spruce Tissues Affect Pine Weevil Orientation

The structure of feeding behavior in a phytophagous insect (Hylobius abietis)

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