“…The construction process is similar for all male and female builders (Table 1): crabs stack mud/muddy sand at the edge of the burrow entrance using their pereiopods and chelipeds (Shih et al 2005;Gusmão-Junior et al 2012). The source of chimney material is varied; some chimney builders use sediment dug Table 1 A summary of fiddler crabs that build above-ground sedimentary structures and their general characteristics (builder and sedimentary structure): clade (AEP: Atlantic-East Pacific, IWP: Indo-West Pacific), genus, species, front (B: broad, I: intermediate, N: narrow), sex (M: male, F: female, BS: both sexes), structure, function, type of study (E: experimental, O: observational, E/O: both), type of sediment used to build structures and associated references (bs: both sediments, T. capricornis, T. elegans and T. flammula) Crane (1975), Kim and Choe (2003), Kim et al (2004), Yamaguchi et al (2005, Muramatsu (2009), Muramatsu (2010a, 2010b), Kim et al (2010Kim et al ( , 2017, Zhu et al (2012) IWP Austruca A. mjoebergi (Rathbun, 1924 Günther (1963), Crane (1975), Oliveira et al (1998), Latruffe et al (1999), Burford et al (2000, 2001a, 2001b, 2001c), Cummings et al (2008 IWP Gelasimus G. tetragonon Peters (1955), Zucker (1974),…”