Die Vertreibung deutscher Neuropathologen

Abstract

The paper reminds of the many psychiatrists, neurologists, and pathologists connected with scientific work in neuropathology who were expelled from Germany between 1933 and 1939 because of defamation by the Nuremberg Laws or because of their political opposition. Many of these colleagues saw their only way out as suicide. Short biographies give an orientation about the destiny of the expelled physicians in their host countries. The effort made after 1945 to give these emigrated colleagues again an adequate position in Germany have not been very intensive.

Ilya Mark Scheinker: Controversial Neuroscientist and Refugee From National Socialist Europe

“…32 In one study of racially and politically dismissed Austro-German adult neuroscientists with a neuropathology tie (including Gerstmann and K. Stern), 41/46 (89%) were able to find positions abroad. 33 Scheinker's "double emigration" was tragically common, also experienced by the Berlin neuropsychiatrist Lothar Kalinowsky 33 Had he not escaped from occupied France, Scheinker's fate may have been similar to (same-age) Berlin neuropsychiatrist Hans Pollnow , who fled to France to escape Nazi persecution in 1933 and after the German invasion in 1940 joined the French army. Pollnow was demobilized after the French surrender and fled to southern France, but was arrested by the Nazi secret police in 1943 and deported to the Mauthausen concentration camp in Austria where he was murdered the same year.…”

Learning soft skills the hard way: Historiographical considerations on the cultural adjustment process of German-speaking émigré neuroscientists in Canada, 1933 to 1963

“…In applying those new perspectives to the research networks and the communication structures of émigré neuroscientists, this article aims to provide additional perspectives towards the social background and cultural implications of the case of forced migration in the neuroscience field (cf. Peiffer, 1998aPeiffer, , 1998bPeiffer, , 1998c). An earlier process-oriented perspective developed in the 1990s by a group of scholars at the Berliner Wissenschaftskolleg has opened promising paths for the study "of [the] intellectual and cultural change" occurring through the forced migration of European scientific émigrés (Ash & Soellner, 1996, pp.…”

Thirty Neurological Eponyms Associated with the Nazi Era

“…3) studied medicine in Heidelberg, Leipzig, Berlin and Königsberg. He obtained his doctorate in Leipzig in 1893 and became a professor of pathology at Friedrichshain Hospital in Berlin in 1909 [1, 4, 24]. He was known worldwide and gave invited lectures in New York in 1913 and 1914.…”

“…In addition to Nieman-Pick disease, he has been honored with several eponyms unrelated to neurosciences [4]. He was Dunham Lecturer at Harvard Medical School in 1931–1932 [1, 24]. …”

“…The 1920s were a period of exceptional advancement for the neurosciences in Germany [1]. Then came the Nazi era and the research milieus in Berlin and elsewhere changed profoundly.…”