Die Umsetzung von aliphatischen Aminen mit Copolymeren des Maleinsäureanhydrids

Rätzsch, M.; Hue, N. Thi

doi:10.1002/actp.1979.010300205

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…An equimolar amount of a primary alkylamine is used to open the anhydride rings, thereby forming an amide−acid structure − (Scheme ), to introduce the possibility of intermolecular hydrogen bonding to cross-link the rubber. Primary aliphatic amines are used because of their fast reaction in solution with anhydride groups at low temperatures, without the need for a catalyst. − The reaction with amines has been used extensively for maleic anhydride copolymers, mainly for poly(styrene- co -maleic anhydride) (SMA), − but also for copolymers of maleic anhydride with ethylene , or propylene, , usually to obtain maleimide copolymers. It is well known that the amide−acid undergoes ring closure to form an imide structure at elevated temperatures (Scheme ). − In our case, imide formation leads to a loss of hydrogen-bonding capability, and hence, a deterioration of properties can be expected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Primary aliphatic amines are used because of their fast reaction in solution with anhydride groups at low temperatures, without the need for a catalyst. [19][20][21] The reaction with amines has been used extensively for maleic anhydride copolymers, mainly for poly(styrene-comaleic anhydride) (SMA), [21][22][23][24][25][26] but also for copolymers of maleic anhydride with ethylene 25,27 or propylene, 26,28 usually to obtain maleimide copolymers. It is well known that the amide-acid undergoes ring closure to form an imide structure at elevated temperatures (Scheme 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermoreversible Cross-Linking of Maleated Ethylene/Propylene Copolymers Using Hydrogen-Bonding and Ionic Interactions

et al. 2006

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Maleated ethylene/propylene copolymers (MAn-g-EPM) were thermoreversibly cross-linked via a reaction with primary alkylamines of different length, either with an equimolar amount to obtain the amide−acid or with an excess to obtain the amide−salt, which was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments showed the presence of microphase-separated aggregates for both the starting MAn-g-EPM and all alkylamide−acids and −salts, which act as physical cross-links. The materials could easily be remolded at 80 °C into homogeneous films for several times without changes in the FTIR spectra, indicating that the (physical) cross-links are truly reversible. The tensile properties and elasticity were improved by converting MAn-g-EPM to the amide−acids due to hydrogen bonding and even further by converting the amide−acids to the amide−salts due to additional ionic interactions besides hydrogen bonding. Better tensile properties and elasticity were observed for the octadecylamine, which was explained by packing of the long alkyl tails in a crystalline-like order. Apparently, this packing is rather ill-defined, since a scattering peak could only be observed in the SAXS patterns of material modified with a large excess of octadecylamine after processing above 140 °C. Irreversible imide formation occurred for all amide−acids and amide−salts at high temperatures, resulting in disappearance of the aggregates and, hence, a dramatic decrease in mechanical properties. Therefore, these temperatures should be avoided during the (re)processing. Replacement of the excess of alkylamine with a different base, viz. potassium hydroxide, resulted in prevention of imide formation at high temperatures and a further improvement in mechanical properties.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermoreversible Cross-Linking of Maleated Ethylene/Propylene Copolymers Using Hydrogen-Bonding and Ionic Interactions

et al. 2006

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“…Tame (man) Frg. 7. Conversion as afunction of time for the experiments with an initial temperature of 180°C.…”

Section: Kinetic Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ratzsch et al (4)(5)(6)(7)(8) have extensively studied esterification in solution. The rates of reaction are slow, on considering the rates required to be commercially viable for REX.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Esterification in reactive extrusion

Maier¹,

Lambla²

1995

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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A condensation type reaction has been studied for reactive extrusion in a twin‐screw extruder. The esterification reaction is to graft a nonylphenyl‐ethoxylate (NP8) onto a pre‐maleated ethylene‐propylene (EPRMA). The kinetics were initially characterized in the static mixture using a thermally controlled call in a FTIR spectrometer. These were then used to predict the conversion along the length of the extruder screws, having determined the residence time distribution at various sampling locations. A reasonable fit with the data was obtained, although the kinetics seem to be slightly faster in the flowing medium than those predicted. Over short screw distances, the equilibrium rapidly approached equilibrium. Moreover, the NP8 was shown to penetrate the EPRMA within screw distance of less than 1.3 L/D, despite using conveying elements known for their minimal mixing capacity. Within the molten medium, a mixing model showed that obtaining the expected conversion in a product does not imply that the reactants in the product have in fact been well mixed.

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Untersuchung zur Umsetzung von Maleinsäureanhydrid‐Copolymeren mit Alkoholen

Rätzsch¹,

Wohlfarth

1986

Acta Polymerica

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Die Umsetzungen von alternierend aufgebauten Maleinsäureanhydrid (MSA)Olefin‐Copolymeren mit Alkoholen zu den polymeren Halbestern werden untersucht. Die Umsetzung mit Alkoholüberschuß gegenüber den MSA‐Gruppen im Copolymer läßt sich als Reaktion pseudo‐erster Ordnung auswerten. Eine kinetische Auswertung bei äquimolarem Verhältnis der Reaktionskomponenten ist ohne Kenntnis der Anhydridrückbildung, d. h. der Gleichgewichtskonstante, nicht möglich. Die basenkatalysierte Veresterung führt zu einer wesentlichen Reaktionsbeschleunigung. Der Mechanismus wird diskutiert.

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Die Umsetzung von aliphatischen Aminen mit Copolymeren des Maleinsäureanhydrids

Cited by 10 publications

References 3 publications

Thermoreversible Cross-Linking of Maleated Ethylene/Propylene Copolymers Using Hydrogen-Bonding and Ionic Interactions

Thermoreversible Cross-Linking of Maleated Ethylene/Propylene Copolymers Using Hydrogen-Bonding and Ionic Interactions

Esterification in reactive extrusion

Untersuchung zur Umsetzung von Maleinsäureanhydrid‐Copolymeren mit Alkoholen

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