Die Topik der Ammonshornschädigung

Bodechtel, G.

doi:10.1007/bf02865516

Cited by 21 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The results of the experiment reported at this time are similar to those described by Rivers, Sprunt, and Berry (8). The pathological changes are identical in both sets of animals and in some respects do not resemble the spontaneous lesions of monkeys that have been described on previous occasions by other workers (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Encephalomyelitis Accompanied by Myelin Destruction Experimentally Produced in Monkeys

Rivers

Schwentker

1935

Journal of Experimental Medicine

396

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The repeated intramuscular injections of aqueous emulsions and alcohol-ether extracts of sterile normal rabbit brains in some manner produced pathological changes accompanied by myelin destruction in the brains of 7 of 8 monkeys (Macacus rhesus). Eight, control monkeys remained well. Cultures from the involved brains remained sterile, and no transmissible agent was demonstrated by means of intracerebral inoculations of emulsions of bits of the brains into monkeys, rabbits, guinea pigs, and white mice.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Encephalomyelitis Accompanied by Myelin Destruction Experimentally Produced in Monkeys

Rivers

Schwentker

1935

Journal of Experimental Medicine

396

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“…The neuron loss sometimes occurred as "spotty islands" in the individual hippocampus. The findings confirm previous descriptions from various studies of the hippocampus ( Bodechtel 1930, Sano & Malamud 1953, Falconer & Taylor 1968, Brown 1973.…”

Section: Hippocampus and Epilepsysupporting

confidence: 91%

Hippocampal neuron loss in epilepsy and after experimental seizures

Dam

1982

Acta Neurologica Scandinavica

141

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In this study, the hippocampus and its relationship to epilepsy is reviewed from a neuropathological point of view. The variability found in previous studies regarding the extent of the damage to neurons makes interpretation difficult. The aim of this study was to clarify the neuron loss by quantitation. The neuron density in the different H‐fields of the pyramidal band and in the granule cell area has been determined throughout the hippocampi by means of light microscope and an ocular grid. The brains of 20 patients with epilepsy were studied. The type of epilepsy was verified from the case history and encephalographic recordings. The distribution of neuron loss was evaluated by statistical analyses of variance applied to the different means and related to the clinical assessments. The normal neuronal distribution was evaluated in 29 persons without any known cerebral disorders. In experimental studies, the changes in neuron density in relation to seizures were determined. 8 rats were studied after electroconvulsive seizures, elicited 3 times daily for 50 days. 10 animals served as controls. 20 gerbils of a seizure‐sensitive strain with different types of seizures, 5 in each group, were the object of the second experimental study which also included a group of 5 gerbils of the seizure‐resistant type. The aim of this part of the study was to illustrate the damage to the neurons in relation to different seizure types. The main result of the study of patients with epilepsy was that neuron loss occurs in all areas investigated. The severely affected areas were field H3 and the granule cells. The neurons of field H1 seemed to be damaged earlier in life, possibly due to hypoxia accompanying generalized convulsions. The study of the normal neuronal distribution in the hippocampus revealed a neuronal reduction of 20% in old age. This ageing phenomenon was taken into account when evaluating the pattern of neuron loss in the patients with epilepsy. No specific pattern of neuron loss characterized the different types of epilepsy. Neuron loss was related to generalized convulsions and increased throughout life with the duration of the disorder. The experimental studies of rats revealed that no neuron loss occurred as a result of generalized convulsions alone. In contrast, the pyramidal neurons of fields H2 and H3 were reduced in the gerbils with frequent generalized convulsions. However, the number of seizures was low, in comparison with the number of generalized convulsions in rats. The hypothesis is put forward that the neuron loss in the gerbils in this area, known for its high bursting activity, is due to seizure‐activity which has been shown by others to occur interictally. It was thus suggested that seizure‐activity even without clinical seizures might be responsible for neuron loss in the hippocampus also in man, in relation to epilepsy of a certain intensity and duration. The consequences of this with regard to prevention of the development of severe epilepsy after single and even minor seizures and the choice of tr...

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“…Nevertheless, the lesions were not typical of disseminated encephalomyelitis. Furthermore, from reports in the literature (21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26) it appears that monkeys may suffer from spontaneous demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system. The picture in our monkeys, however, is not identical with any of those already recorded.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations on Attempts to Produce Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis in Monkeys

Rivers

Sprunt

Berry

1933

Journal of Experimental Medicine

555

179

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No evidence was found to support the idea that vaccine virus placed in the cisterna magna is capable of producing an acute disseminated encephalomyelitis with perivascular demyelination either in normal or in partially immune monkeys. A testicular extract (Reynals' factor) did not induce vaccine virus to cause an acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in monkeys. Repeated intramuscular injections of brain extracts and brain emulsions into eight monkeys were followed in two instances by an inflammatory reaction, accompanied by demyelination, in the central nervous system. The exact relation of the injections to the disease of the nervous system is not clear. The combined action of vaccine virus and an emulsion of fresh rabbit brain did not lead to the production of an acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in monkeys that had received repeated intramuscular injections of emulsions and alcohol-ether extracts of normal rabbit brains.

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Die Topik der Ammonshornschädigung

Cited by 21 publications

References 2 publications

Encephalomyelitis Accompanied by Myelin Destruction Experimentally Produced in Monkeys

Encephalomyelitis Accompanied by Myelin Destruction Experimentally Produced in Monkeys

Hippocampal neuron loss in epilepsy and after experimental seizures

Observations on Attempts to Produce Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis in Monkeys

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