Die therapeutische Harnstoffwirkung auf die Haut

Wohlrab, W

doi:10.1159/000250962

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…It is known that urea penetration and effect is closely de pendent on the vehicle and the type of emulsion (9,22,23). Little is known about the influence of urea on the vehicle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adouble-blindcomparisonoftwocreamscontainingureaas theactiveingredient. Assessment of efficacy and side-effects by non-invasive techniques and a clinical scoring scheme

Serup¹

1992

Acta Derm Venereol

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From a group of 72 healthy individuals, 47 with evidence of dry skin according to measurements by non-invasive techniques were enrolled for a 3-week study withdouble-blindand randomized treatment of one forearm, using either 3%ureacream (HTH lotion 'light') or 10%ureacream (HTH lotion 'Original'). The contralateral forearm served as an untreated control.Twovolunteers had to be excluded because measurements of skin surface lipids gave evidence of vehicle components on the skin surface at the time of final evaluations. Evaluations took place not less than 12 h after the last application. According to questionnaire replies, thetwocreamswere equally effective. This was confirmed by "blind" evaluation of the skin hydration state by a dermatologist, measurements of electrical capacitance and conductance indicating epidermal and skin surface hydration, and by D-Squame tape assessments including optical transmission of tapes with stratum corneum and scales from adhering skin, as well as visual scoring of the tapes. The methods showed a high degree of correlation, i.a. a definite relation between increase in electrical hydration parameters, reduced scaling according to the D-Squame tape evaluations, and clinical improvement of dryness. In skin treated with 10%ureacream the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) decreased, indicating an improved water barrier function. Skin colour measurement according to the CIE colour system showed that skin treated with the 3%ureacream turned in the direction of yellow, and there was generally a tendency for the brightness to decrease. Thus, the 3%ureacream gave the skin a more golden colour. There was no change in redness with any of thecreams. Neither data from the questionnaire, the clinical examination, nor results of TEWL and colour measurements indicated any local irritant effect ofureacausing water barrier damage or inflammation. In conclusion, the 3% and 10%ureacreamswere both found efficient, resulting in improvement of hydration and reduction of scaling. Both were non-toxic. However, specific differences did appear, viz. the 3%ureacream turned the skin colour golden, while the 10%ureacream improved the skin's water barrier function.

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“…It is known that urea penetration and effect is closely de pendent on the vehicle and the type of emulsion (9,22,23). Little is known about the influence of urea on the vehicle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adouble-blindcomparisonoftwocreamscontainingureaas theactiveingredient. Assessment of efficacy and side-effects by non-invasive techniques and a clinical scoring scheme

Serup¹

1992

Acta Derm Venereol

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“…Several studies have also shown that urea decreases the DNA synthesis index of epidermal cells, leading to a thinning of the epidermis and reduction of basal epidermal cells. An early hypothesis was formed that pretreatment or concomitant treatment with urea can enhance efficacy of other topical therapies [75][76][77]. Salicylic acid is frequently combined with urea to produce a significant keratolytic effect [78].…”

Section: Emollient/keratolyticmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urea: a comprehensive review of the clinical literature

Pan

Heinecke²,

Bernardo³

et al. 2013

Dermatology Online Journal

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Introduction: Urea is an organic compound that has been used clinically for dermatological diseases for more than a century. Urea is a potent emollient and keratolytic agent, making urea an effective monotherapy for conditions associated with dry and scaly skin. A systematic review of the literature is needed to provide clinicians with evidence-based applications of urea in the treatment of dermatological diseases.Methods: A PubMed search was conducted using the term "urea" combined with "skin," "ichthyosis," "psoriasis," "xerosis," "emollient," "onychomycosis," "dermatitis," and "avulsion." A total of 81 publications met inclusion criteria and were evaluated. Treatment indication(s), test agents, number of subjects, treatment protocols, results, and side effects were recorded.Results: Effective treatment with urea has been reported for the following conditions: ichthyosis, xerosis, atopic dermatitis/eczema, contact dermatitis, radiation induced dermatitis, psoriasis/seborrheic dermatitis, onychomycosis, tinea pedis, keratosis, pruritus, and dystrophic nails. Furthermore, urea has been used with other medications as a penetration enhancing agent. Mild irritation is the most common adverse event, proving urea to be a safe and tolerable topical drug without systemic toxicity. Discussion/Conclusion: Urea is a safe, effective dermatologic therapy with wide-ranging clinical utility and minimal, nonsystemic side effects. In order to optimize patient care, dermatologists should be well informed with regards to urea's indications and efficacy.

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“…In der praktischen Dermatologie und Kosmetik ist Harnstoff in der Therapie trockener Hautzustände, als keratoplastische Substanz, Penetrationspromotor und bei der Pflegetherapie chronisch entzündlicher Dermatosen etabliert [30]. Hierbei ist nicht die topisch applizierte Harnstoffkonzentration an sich, sondern die tatsächlich liberierte und in die Epidermis penetrierte Konzentration sowie das Konzentrations-Zeit-Profil wesentlich [32].…”

Section: Arginin Im Harnstoffzyklus (Arginase-reaktion)unclassified

Der epidermale Arginin-Stoffwechsel und dessen therapeutische Beeinflussung

Wohlrab¹

2002

Akt Dermatol

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ZusammenfassungArginin ist als physiologische Aminosäure für die topische Anwendung in kosmetischer und dermatologischer Hinsicht eine vielversprechende Wirksubstanz. Arginin wird enzymatisch in der Arginasereaktion zu Harnstoff und Ornithin sowie in der NOSynthase-Reaktion zu NO und Citrullin metabolisiert. Harnstoff erhöht die Wasserbindungskapazität der Hornschicht, besitzt keratoplastische, bakteriostatische, antimykotische, juckreizstillende und proteolytische Eigenschaften. NO ist wesentlich an der Regulation der hämo-und lymphovaskulären Perfusion sowie Initiation und Unterhaltung von Entzündungsprozessen beteiligt und verfügt über immunmodulierende und Radikalfängereigen-schaften. Sowohl Arginase als auch NO-Synthase werden in Keratinozyten, aber auch in weiteren kutanen Zellen (z. B. Melanozyten, Fibroblasten, mikrovaskuläre Endothelzellen) exprimiert und funktionell durch verschiedene Faktoren in ihrer Aktivität beeinflusst. Arginin ist aus toxikologischer Sicht in relevanten Konzentrationen als unbedenklich einzustufen. Als hydrophile Substanz lässt sich L-Arginin unkompliziert in Standardvehikelsysteme zur topischen Applikation einarbeiten. L-Arginin penetriert in die menschliche Haut, wobei in der lebenden Epidermis ein ausreichendes Konzentrations-Zeit-Profil erreicht wird. Die Potenz einer praktischen Anwendung von topisch appliziertem L-Arginin ergibt sich aus der biochemischen Stellung des Arginins im epidermalen Stoffwechsel. Neben der kosmetischen Anwendung und der Pflegetherapie bei chronischen Dermatosen ist eine Vielzahl weiterer Anwendungsmöglichkeiten bei Störungen der Funktion und Struktur der Haut möglich. AbstractFrom a cosmetic and dermatological point of view, arginine, a physiological amino acid, is a promising active substance for topical applications. Arginine is metabolized enzymatically in the arginase reaction to urea and ornithine and in the NO-synthase reaction to NO and citrullin. Urea increases the water binding capacity of the horny skin layer, possesses keratoplastic, bacteriostatic, antimycotic, and proteolytic properties and relieves itching. NO is essentially involved in the regulation of hemo-and lymphovascular perfusion and in initiation and maintenance of inflammatory processes. It possesses immunomodulating and radical trapping properties. Both arginase and NO synthase are expressed in keratinocytes, and also in other cutaneous cells (such as melanocytes, fibroblasts, microvascular endothelial cells) and its activity is functionally influenced by various factors. In relevant concentrations, arginine can be considered safe from a toxicological point of view. As a hydrophilic substance, L-arginine can be easily worked into standard vehicle systems for topical application. L-arginine penetrates into human skin, whereby an adequate concentration time-profile is attained in the living epidermis. The potency of practical use of topically applied L-arginine arises from the biochemical role of arginine in epidermal metabolism. In addition to cosmetic use and therapy of chr...

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Die therapeutische Harnstoffwirkung auf die Haut

Cited by 9 publications

References 10 publications

Adouble-blindcomparisonoftwocreamscontainingureaas theactiveingredient. Assessment of efficacy and side-effects by non-invasive techniques and a clinical scoring scheme

Adouble-blindcomparisonoftwocreamscontainingureaas theactiveingredient. Assessment of efficacy and side-effects by non-invasive techniques and a clinical scoring scheme

Urea: a comprehensive review of the clinical literature

Der epidermale Arginin-Stoffwechsel und dessen therapeutische Beeinflussung

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