Die Schwefelsäurefabrikation

Waeser, Bruno

doi:10.1007/978-3-663-02228-2

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Reaction with a platinum catalyst involves heterogeneous gas -solid catalysis [22], [23], [26]. In contrast, according to present understanding, oxidation over a vanadium catalyst is a homogeneous reaction that takes place in a liquid melt of active components on both the external and internal surfaces of an inert solid catalyst carrier [41], [42].…”

Section: Reaction Kinetics and Thermodynamicsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…By 1930 the figure had shrunk to about 73 %, by 1950 to 20 -25 %, and by 1960 to ca. 15 % [23]; in 1980 virtually no acid was being produced in nitrogen oxide process plants in these parts of the world. Nonetheless, the nitrogen oxide process has continued to be the object of interest and a certain amount of development work, especially for the processing of gases with extremely low SO 2 content (see Section 4.2).…”

Section: Further Development Of the Nitrogen Oxide Processmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Sulfur trioxide formed by the catalytic oxidation of sulfur dioxide is absorbed in sulfuric acid of at least 98 % concentration, in which it reacts with existing or added water to form more sulfuric acid [20][21][22][23]. The optimum concentration of the absorber acid corresponds to the azeotrope (see Section 2.1), where the partial pressures of SO 3 , H 2 SO 4 , and water vapor are all at a minimum.…”

Section: Absorption Of Sulfur Trioxidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apart from catalyst activity, other factors including thermal stability, service life, and mechanical strength are of practical importance [20][21][22][23], [42], [44][45][46][47]. Of all substances tested for catalytic activity toward sulfur dioxide oxidation, only vanadium compounds, platinum, and iron oxide have proven to be technically satisfactory.…”

Section: Catalysts [177]mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Detailed descriptions of the development of sulfuric acid production procedures can be found in the literature [19][20][21][22][23].…”

Section: Development Of the Sulfuric Acid Industrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sulfuric Acid and Sulfur Trioxide

Müller¹

2000

Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry

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The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Properties 2.1. Physical Properties 2.2. Chemical Properties 3. Development of the Sulfuric Acid Industry 3.1. Early Development 3.2. Further Development of the Nitrogen Oxide Process 3.3. Ascendency of the Contact Process 3.4. Raw Materials Usage 4. Production 4.1. Production by Contact Processes 4.1.1. Reaction Kinetics and Thermodynamics 4.1.2. Catalysts 4.1.3. Process Summary 4.1.3.1. Gas Drying 4.1.3.2. Catalytic Oxidation of Sulfur Dioxide 4.1.3.3. Absorption of Sulfur Trioxide 4.1.3.4. Acid Cooling 4.1.4. Practical Versions of the Contact Process 4.1.4.1. Double‐Absorption Process Based on Sulfur Combustion 4.1.4.2. Double‐Absorption Processes Based on Metallurgical Gases 4.1.4.3. Ordinary Single‐Absorption Processes 4.1.4.4. Wet‐Catalysis Processes 4.1.5. Tail‐Gas Treatment 4.1.6. Economic Factors 4.2. Production by Nitrogen Oxide Processes 4.3. Regeneration of Spent Sulfuric Acid 4.3.1. Introduction 4.3.2. Reconcentration to 70 ‐ 75 % H 2 SO 4 4.3.3. Concentration to 93 ‐ 98 % H 2 SO 4 4.4. Production of Oleum 5. Construction Materials 5.1. Metallic Materials 5.2. Nonmetallic Materials 6. Uses of Sulfuric Acid and Economic Aspects 6.1. Indirect Uses 6.2. Direct Uses 6.3. Economic Aspects 7. Analytical Techniques 7.1. Concentration Measurement 7.2. Measurement of Impurities 7.3. Analysis of Acid‐Plant Gas Streams 8. Sulfur Trioxide 8.1. Properties 8.2. Manufacture 8.3. Handling and Uses 9. Toxicology 9.1. Sulfuric Acid 9.2. Sulfur Trioxide 10. Acknowledgement

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Section: Reaction Kinetics and Thermodynamicsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Further Development Of the Nitrogen Oxide Processmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Absorption Of Sulfur Trioxidementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Catalysts [177]mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Detailed descriptions of the development of sulfuric acid production procedures can be found in the literature [19][20][21][22][23].…”

Section: Development Of the Sulfuric Acid Industrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sulfuric Acid and Sulfur Trioxide

Müller¹

2000

Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry

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Oxidation of Sulfur Dioxide

Näumann

Schulz

2008

Handbook of Heterogeneous Catalysis

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The sections in this article are Introduction The Contact Process Thermodynamic Considerations Reaction Mechanisms and Kinetics Sulfur Dioxide as the Basis of Sulfuric Acid Production Classical Sulfuric Acid Production Sulfur Dioxide from Combustion of Elemental Sulfur Sulfur Dioxide from Roasting of Pyrite Sulfur Dioxide from Metallurgical Plants Copper Smelting Zinc Blende Roasting Nickel Sulfide and Lead Sulfide Sulfur Dioxide from Decomposition of Acid Sulfur Dioxide from Combustion of H 2 S Sulfur Dioxide from Sulfates Decomposition of Gypsum ( M üller– K ühne Process) Decomposition of Iron Sulfate Sulfuric Acid from Sulfur Dioxide in Tail Gases from Power Stations The Contact Process: Practical Application Fundamentals Single Absorption Catalysis Double Absorption Catalysis Pressure Catalysis Fluidized‐Bed Technology The Catalyst Catalyst Production Catalyst Requirements Disposal of Spent Catalyst

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