Die Sandsteine in der Molasse nördlich der Alpen

Füchtbauer, Hans

doi:10.1007/bf01848720

Cited by 34 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Among the latter, carbonate clasts are most sensitive to dissolution, and their high frequency underlines the low degree of modification of the original sources. This is supported by the frequency of relatively fresh feldspar (Füchtbauer, 1967). Because coarse‐grained proximal sediments of the Molasse basin of Switzerland show very little modification of sandstone composition by weathering and/or diagenesis, framework parameters do provide robust estimates of the relative variations of the eroded source rocks.…”

Section: Sandstone Composition Alteration and Grain Sizementioning

confidence: 61%

“…Systematic studies of the sedimentology and composition of sandstones from the Swiss Molasse Basin started in the 1950s and 1960s, and focused on grain‐size analysis, conglomerate composition and heavy minerals, as well as feldspar and carbonate content (Matter, 1964; Füchtbauer, 1964, 1967 and references therein). More recently, extensive studies on facies, heavy minerals and seismic lines were carried out in combination with mammal biostratigraphy and magnetostratigraphy throughout the basin (Allen et al ., 1985; Pfiffner, 1986; Burbank et al ., 1992; Schlunegger et al ., 1996, 1997; Kempf et al ., 1997, 1999; Strunck, 2001) leading to a detailed picture of basin evolution and its relation to Alpine orogenic processes (Sinclair & Allen, 1992; Burkhard & Sommaruga, 1998; Schlunegger et al ., 1998; Schlunegger, 1999; Kuhlemann & Kempf, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Petrography and chemistry of sandstones from the Swiss Molasse Basin: an archive of the Oligocene to Miocene evolution of the Central Alps

Eynatten¹

2003

Sedimentology

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Oligocene to Miocene fluvial sandstones from the Swiss Molasse Basin were analysed for sandstone framework composition, heavy minerals, whole-rock geochemistry and detrital chrome spinel chemistry. Samples were taken from the proximal part of the basin close to the Alpine main thrust and are chronostratigraphically calibrated between 31 and 13 Ma. Sandstone composition allows the identification of different source rocks, and their variation in time and space place constraints on the Oligocene to Miocene evolution of the Central Alps. In the eastern part of the basin, sandstones document a normal unroofing sequence with the downcutting from Austroalpine sedimentary cover into Austroalpine crystalline rocks and, slightly later at 21 Ma, into Penninic ophiolites. In the central part, downcutting into crystalline basement rocks occurred at 25 Ma, and the removal of the sedimentary cover was much more advanced than in the east. This may be interpreted as a first signal from the doming of the Lepontine area. At 20 Ma, extensional tectonics in the hinterland led to the first exposure of low-grade metamorphic rocks from the footwall of the Simplon Fault in the Central Alps. Erosion of these rocks persisted up to the youngest sediments at 13 Ma. In the western part of the basin, a contribution from granitoid and (ultra)mafic rocks is documented as early as 28 Ma. The source for the (ultra)mafic detritus is Penninic ophiolites from the Piemonte zone of the western Alps, which were already exposed at the surface at that time.

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Section: Sandstone Composition Alteration and Grain Sizementioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Petrography and chemistry of sandstones from the Swiss Molasse Basin: an archive of the Oligocene to Miocene evolution of the Central Alps

Eynatten¹

2003

Sedimentology

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“…9.24. For the most part of its development, the rate of subsidence of the molasse basin was more or less balanced by a commensurate rate of deposition, but several megacycles grading from marine through deltaic into fluvial sediments can be distinguished and are probably related to tectonic events in the fold belt (Fiichtbauer 1967b). This sedimentary development is also mirrored in the stratigraphic terminology, which makes a distinction between a Lower and Upper Marine Molasse and a Lower and Upper Freshwater Molasse, respectively.…”

Section: Late Eocene To Miocenementioning

confidence: 96%

Coal-Bearing Depositional Systems

Diessel¹

1992

399

416

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“…A similar mechanism was postulated by Vincent (1977, p. 149) to explain vertical bedding sequences in the upper part of the Kootenay-Blairmore succession in parts of western Alberta. Fuchtbauer (1967) used detailed petrographic analyses of the northern Alpine molasse to document shifts in sediment source areas and in orientation of paleoslope in response to local patterns of differential tectonic movement.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tectonic setting and syndepositional deformation of molasse and other nonmarine-paralic sedimentary basins

Miall¹

1978

Can. J. Earth Sci.

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Molasse is a distinctive sedimentary facies consisting of alluvial and shallow marine deposits derived from source areas undergoing rapid uplift and erosion. The characteristic setting of molasse is within or adjacent to fold belts, and most molasse basins can be classified as foreland basin (external) or intermontane (internal) in type. Thick alluvial and shallow marine sequences in cratonic settings (e.g., taphrogenic troughs) have been classified as molasse by some workers, but this is not generally accepted.Most molasse is synorogenic, and the interdependence of sedimentation and tectonism results in structural and stratigraphic complexity. Intermontane basins generally are tensional in origin and are bounded by high angle (commonly normal) faults. Facies distributions adjacent to each fault depend on relative rates of differential movement, erosion, and sedimentation; accelerated source area uplift causes segmentation and progradation of alluvial fans and generates coarsening-upward sedimentary cycles. Complications are introduced if tectonism occurs in discrete pulses and if basins enlarge themselves along systems of stepped faults.Basins of compressional origin, such as those in a foreland setting, show a greater variety of internal complexity. Facies belts and trends of maximum thickness move progressively out from the core of the fold belt in response to a migration of the zone of active deformation. Conversely, broad structural warps may develop in response to alocally increased sedimentary load, such as a major delta. Folds or thrust faults growing within the basin cause local thinning or unconformable relationships, and may breach the surface so as to isolate parts of the alluvial plain as a synorogenic intermontane basin. Uplift of the fold belt may be discontinuous, causing the generation of stacked sedimentary megacycles. Basin margins commonly are characterized by intraformational angular unconformities and syndepositional folds.Rates of alluvial sedimentation and tectonic movement measured in modern environments are one to two orders of magnitude higher than rates deduced from ancient nonmarine sequences. This lends support to the idea that much sedimentation may be very episodic in nature, but it could also imply that alluvial sequences are deposited much more rapidly than current interpretations of the ancient record would imply, based as they are on relatively crude dating techniques. Only in some wrench-fault basins do calculated sedimentation rates compare with those measured in modern environments. -A .Les taux de sedimentation alluviale et de mouvement tectonique dans des milieux recents sont d'un a deux ordres de grandeur plus eleves que les taux deduits pour les sequences non marines anciennes. Ceci supporte I'idee qu'une grande partie de la sedimentation pourrait Ctre de nature tres episodique mais pourrait aussi impliquer que les sequences alluviales se sont deposees beaucoup plus rapidement que les interpretations courantes des dep6ts anciens le laissent supposer, puisqu'elles sont ba...

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Die Sandsteine in der Molasse nördlich der Alpen

Cited by 34 publications

References 8 publications

Petrography and chemistry of sandstones from the Swiss Molasse Basin: an archive of the Oligocene to Miocene evolution of the Central Alps

Petrography and chemistry of sandstones from the Swiss Molasse Basin: an archive of the Oligocene to Miocene evolution of the Central Alps

Coal-Bearing Depositional Systems

Tectonic setting and syndepositional deformation of molasse and other nonmarine-paralic sedimentary basins

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