Die Rolle des episkleralen Venendrucks bei der Entstehung von Sekundärglaukomen

Abstract

Between 1983 and 1987 the authors studied 64 patients with dilated episcleral vessels and open-angle glaucoma. Elevated episcleral venous pressure was found to be the cause of the increased intraocular pressure. Clinically, the cause of elevation of venous pressure included spontaneous carotid cavernous fistulas, Sturge-Weber syndrome, orbital tumors, endocrine exophthalmos, anterior scleritis and idiopathic cases. A variety of pathophysiological mechanisms causing elevated episcleral venous pressure were found. The clinical course and complications associated with elevated episcleral venous pressure are discussed.

Intraocular pressure and superior ophthalmic vein blood flow velocity in Graves’ orbitopathy: relation with the clinical features

“…According to the Goldmann equation (IOP: aqueous inflow/outflow facility + episcleral venous pressure), the IOP is positively correlated with aqueous inflow and episcleral venous pressure, and negatively correlated with outflow facility. Elevated episcleral venous pressure values has been demonstrated in Graves' orbitopathy, and raised retrobulbar pressure above normal venous pressure has been reported as a possible cause of reduced orbital venous drainage, which may increase the IOP [16][17][18][19]. In an animal model, Saber et al [20].…”

Retrobulbar Blood Flow in Idiopathic Dilated Episcleral Veins and Glaucoma

“…Background ! Dilated episcleral veins may occur in the presence of orbital tumours, carotid cavernous sinus fistula and other orbital obstructive lesions [4]. The reason for elevated episcleral venous pressure is, however, not always known.…”

Pressure-Lowering Effect of Fistula Occlusion in a Patient with Secondary Glaucoma Due to an Intracranial Arteriovenous Fistula

“…The venous connection to the orbita is provided by the superior ophthalmic vein. In CCF, there is more or less pronounced arterialization of this vessel, with corresponding reversal of flow and congestion [ 1 , 3 , 4 , 9 ]. The consequence is an increase in episcleral venous pressure.…”

“…The interaction between intra- and periocular vessels and their state of filling plays a major role in the pathogenesis of secondary open-angle glaucoma. Fluctuations in the pressure ratios of these vessels directly affect IOP [ 1 , 2 ]. The normal episcleral venous pressure is about 8 to 10 mmHg.…”