Die Reaktion in vitro gezüchteter Zellen auf partikelförmige Luftverunreinigungen und hochpolymere Stoffe

Beck, E. G.

doi:10.1007/978-3-663-20467-1

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Monolayer cultures of guinea-pig alveolar and peritoneal macrophages were prepared by the technique described by Beck (1970). The macrophages were collected in NCTC 109 medium (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Michigan) and cooled in an ice-bath.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Koshi, Hayashi, and Sakabe (1968) demonstrated an increase in the acid phosphatase released from the cells into the culture medium when rat peritoneal macrophages were incubated with asbestos. Beck (1970) and Beck, Holt, and Nasrallah (1971) found that chrysotile asbestos added to cultures of alveolar or peritoneal macrophages increased the number of cells stained with erythrosin and increased the amount of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) released into the culture medium.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Comparison of effects on macrophage cultures of glass fibre, glass powder, and chrysotile asbestos

Beck

Holt

Manojlović

1972

Occupational and Environmental Medicine

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. (1972). Brit. J. industr. Med., 29,[280][281][282][283][284][285][286] Comparison of effects on macrophage cultures of glass fibre, glass powder, and chrysotile asbestos. The effects on macrophage cultures of glass fibre, glass powder, and chrysotile asbestos are compared. Glass fibre behaves like chrysotile in producing an increase in cell membrane permeability in cultured macrophages. This is demonstrable by the increase in lactic dehydrogenase activity in the supernatant fluid. The metabolism, measured by lactate production, is not reduced as it is when quartz is phagocytosed. Glass powder behaves like the inert dust corundum, producing little change in the number of cells stained by erythrosin B and a small increase in lactate dehydrogenase activity, both being in the range of the control. There is an increase in lactate production as a result of higher metabolism due to phagocytosis. Dusts may produce two basic effects, namely a toxic effect and change in cell membrane permeability. A non-specific effect on the cell membrane due to the slow and sometimes incomplete process of ingestion of long fibres is probably a function of the morphology, particularly the length of the fibres. A primary specific effect induced by some dusts immediately follows contact with the cell membrane.Recent investigations have shown that asbestos fibres alter the permeability of the membrane of cells cultured in vitro. Koshi, Hayashi, and Sakabe (1968) demonstrated an increase in the acid phosphatase released from the cells into the culture medium when rat peritoneal macrophages were incubated with asbestos. Beck (1970) and Beck, Holt, and Nasrallah (1971) found that chrysotile asbestos added to cultures of alveolar or peritoneal macrophages increased the number of cells stained with erythrosin and increased the amount of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) released into the culture medium.To determine whether the shape, the length or the chemical composition of the fibres is the factor influencing the permeability of the cell membrane, cultures of inacrophages were incubated with two types of fibrous material, chrysotile and glass fibre. In each case the permeability of the cell membrane was determined by estimating the percentage of cells that stained with erythrosin B and the LDH activity in the supernatant. The vitality of the cells was measured by the rate of lactate production. Controls were run with no addition of dust, with quartz powder (toxic), and with corundum powder (inert). Materials Chrysotile A high-grade Rhodesian chrysotile was opened in the mill of a dust tunnel (Holt, Mills, and Young, 1964).Glass fibre A dust was prepared in the same way from commercially available glass fibre. The sample ranged in length from I to 20 ptm and in diameter from 0-25 to 1 0 ,um. 280

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Comparison of effects on macrophage cultures of glass fibre, glass powder, and chrysotile asbestos

Beck

Holt

Manojlović

1972

Occupational and Environmental Medicine

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“…Cavagna and Nichelatti (1963) suggested that the polymer prevented the toxic action of quartz by interfering with the enzymic processes which damaged the cell. Beck and Antweiler (1963) and Schlipkoter (1964) suggested that PVNO may influence enzyme reactions in the macrophages or produce a non-specific increased resistance which stabilizes cell membranes. Erythrocytes Antweiler (1963) found that the sedimentation rate of human, rat, guinea-pig and rabbit erythrocytes was considerably increased if PVNO was added to the citrated plasma but there was no change in the rate if cells were treated with PVNO and then washed.…”

Section: Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(vinylpyridine oxides) in pneumoconiosis research

Holt

1971

Occupational and Environmental Medicine

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Holt, P. F. (1971). Brit. J. industr. Med., 28,[72][73][74][75][76][77] Poly(vinylpyridine oxides) in pneumoconiosis research. Schlipkoter and Brockhaus of the Institut fur Lufthygiene Dusseldorf found that poly(2-vinylpyridine 1-oxide) can inhibit the fibrosis normally produced by quartz dust in the lungs or other tissues of animals. Later research in Germany and elsewhere has confirmed the earlier observations. The polymer is active when the quartz is administered by intratracheal, intraperitoneal or intravenous injection or by inhalation. It is effective if given in aqueous solution by intraperitoneal or subcutaneous injection or if it is inhaled as an aerosol.The polymer also counteracts the cytotoxic effects of finely divided quartz in cultures of alveolar or peritoneal macrophages and a rapid method for comparing the activity is based on this observation. Although some solutions of this and other polymers which show activity against quartz in cultures are less active against quartz in the whole animal, a polymer which proves inactive against quartz in cultures is invariably inactive in the whole animal.The degree of activity of this polymer depends on the molecular weight, low molecular weight being associated with low activity. Methyl groups substituted in the pyridine ring may reduce the activity or may have no effect, depending on the position of the group in the ring. The isotactic and syndiotactic forms of the polymer do not have identical effects. Poly(2-vinylpyridine 1-oxide) is not unique; poly(dimethylaminostyrene N-oxide) is almost equally effective.Several theories seek to explain the activity of this polymer against quartz but there is uncertainty, particularly because the mechanism by which silica damages cells and produces fibrosis is still in doubt. Damage to the membrane of the cell or its ultrastructures by silica has been suggested as a possible cause of cytotoxicity; it has been suggested that the polymer may shield these structures. Other suggestions are that the polymer coats the surface of the quartz or combines with silicic acid by forming hydrogen bonds.When finely divided quartz is introduced into the lung of an animal by inhalation or injection, fibrosis of the lung results. Similarly, if the quartz is injected into the peritoneal cavity, fibrous nodules are produced. Schlipkoter and Brockhaus (1960) demonstrated that if the quartz (50 mg) was injected as a suspension in a 1 % solution of poly(2-vinylpyridine) (I) or poly(4-vinylpyridine) (II) in dilute acid, minimal fibrosis followed.

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“…Unstimulated guinea pig and rat lung macrophages were obtained by pulmonary lavage with heparinized (8 U/mL) Ca2+-and Mg+-free phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (5 Lactic dehydrogenase and lactic acid were determined as described elsewhere (12).…”

Section: Cell Cultures Of Alveolar Macrophagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, Schlipko6ter et al (4) demonstrated a protective effect of anthracite against the cytotoxic potential of quartz in the in vitro system. In the past, differing results were obtained using macrophages from different sources (3,(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11) and diverse parameters and culture conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macrophage functions after exposure to nonfibrous mineral dusts.

Tilkes¹,

Beck²

1983

Environ Health Perspect

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The effects of the standard dusts, electrocorundum, and Dorentruper quartz (DQ,2), as well as mine dusts have been tested in guinea pig lung macrophage cultures. The parameters compared were: release of lactic dehydrogenase for demonstration of plasma membrane permeability and production of lactic acid as an indicator of carbohydrate metabolism.In addition to the dose-dependent toxicity of different mine, coal and other mineral dusts, we studied the influence of cell culture media and the supplement of fetal calf serum (FCS) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) upon the cell toxicity in this test system.We demonstrated a protective effect of FCS and BSA on dusts of low and medium toxicity, while dusts of high toxicity, like DQ,2, were not influenced in their toxicity.

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Die Reaktion in vitro gezüchteter Zellen auf partikelförmige Luftverunreinigungen und hochpolymere Stoffe

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Comparison of effects on macrophage cultures of glass fibre, glass powder, and chrysotile asbestos

Comparison of effects on macrophage cultures of glass fibre, glass powder, and chrysotile asbestos

Poly(vinylpyridine oxides) in pneumoconiosis research

Macrophage functions after exposure to nonfibrous mineral dusts.

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