Die quantitative Bestimmung des Mineralgehaltes der Knochen aus dem Röntgenbild^*

Perspectives on bone densitometry: Past/present/future

“…For photo densitometry (PD), one of the first quantitative techniques developed, standardized radiographs of various bones of the peripheral skeleton together with an aluminium reference wedge are obtained [10]. l for perspective, the effective dose equivalent for an PA chest film is 50 ~Sv and background irradation amounts to 2400/zSv.…”

“…Recent studies show that it is correlated significantly with radial SPA and spinal and femoral DPA [11]. However, it should be mentioned that numerous physical factors that influence the radiographic image, also affect photo densitometry [10].…”

Radiological diagnosis of osteoporosis

“…Another radiographic based approach is radiographic absorptiometry (photo densitometry), one of the first quantitative techniques developed to estimate bone mineral density (BMD) [24]. Standardized radiographs of bones are obtained simultaneously with an aluminum step-wedge phantom (Fig.…”

“…These error sources are responsible for miscalculations of the BMD. However, newer computer aided calibration and analysis techniques have enhanced the suitability of the method [24,[26][27][28].…”

Mikroradiographische Untersuchungen zur Mineralisation der Knochen Frühgeborener und junger Säuglinge

“…Sekundäres pH der Blut-und Calciumphosphat Gewebsflüssigkeit [Frost, 1958[Frost, , 1959 Oeserund Krokowski, 1963Krokowski, 1963Krokowski, 1963Krokowski, 1965Krokowski und Stresemann, 1967Krokowski und Steiner, 1961Quintar, 1962Meema et al" 1964Mayo, 1961Okuyama, 1965Virtama, 1965Heuck und Schmidt, 1959/1960a, b Hiness, 1968Björk und Lemperg, 1967Heuck und Schmidt, 1959/1960a Abb. 14.…”