Die Pseudogravidität des Kaninchens als Lutealphasenmodell: Steroid- und Proteohormonspiegel nach Clomiphencitrat-Behandlung

Meyer‐Wittkopf, M.; Birkenfeld, Arie; Beier, Hildburg

doi:10.1007/bf02417671

Arch Gynecol Obstet

1989

DOI: 10.1007/bf02417671

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Die Pseudogravidität des Kaninchens als Lutealphasenmodell: Steroid- und Proteohormonspiegel nach Clomiphencitrat-Behandlung

M. Meyer‐Wittkopf

Arie Birkenfeld

Hildburg Beier

Abstract: Erst lange Zeit nach der ersten Mitteilung fiber die ovulationsinduzierende Wirkung yon Clomiphencitrat (CC) dutch Greenblatt im Jahre 1961 erlangte diese Substanz bei der Behandlung verschiedener Sterilit/itsformen der Frau ihre heute immense klinische Bedeutung [5]. Auch in den meisten Zentren, die sich mit In-Vitro-Fertilisation (IVF) besch/iftigen, wird heute iiberwiegend in CC-/ Gonadotropin-stimulierten Zyklen therapiert [2,4]. In Anbetracht der Tatsache, dal3 befruchtete Eizellen am erfolgreichsten inne… Show more

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1994

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Is Controlled Ovarian Stimulation Associated with Adverse Endometrial Effects?

Birkenfeld

1994

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Fundamental questions still remain unanswered and are the focus of research and speculations. First, is the decline in fecundability observed with age related to a decline in egg and embryo quality, endometrial receptivity, or both? Secondly, are we inducing adverse endometrial effects while using "infertility drugs" for the purpose of controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) thus compromising conception rates? Finally, what are the best criteria to assess endometrial function and receptivity and how can we prevent or reverse undesirable effects? Subclinical or early embryonical losses in normal cycles are hard to detect and are estimated to range between 20-30%.1,2 Unknown numbers of embryos are wasted prior to implantation and biochemical recognition. In vitro fertilization (IVF) together with embryo transfer (ET) provides a unique model to evaluate preimplantation and early postimplantation loss. Following IVFIET, most embryos are lost prior to the chemical recognition and, therefore, probably fail to implant. Slightly more than 10% are defined as chemical pregnan~ies,~ and therefore implanted but failed to reach clinical detection. Thus, with normal physiologic conception, even embryos of lesser quality may implant but later fail to progress, and following IVF even better quality embryos probably fail to implant. In addition, pregnancy rates following ET of embryos after IVF of donated eggs are significantly higher then IVF results with own eggs even for the younger age group^.^ Therefore, based upon these observations, endometrial receptivity following COS may be a crucial factor affecting conception rates.The effect of clomiphene citrate on early embryonic development, the endometrium and implantation was reviewed by us previo~sly.~ In general, clomiphene citrate, a synthetic drug with both estrogenic and antiestrogenic properties, has been used in fertility clinics for more then two decades. Clomiphene is mainly used for the induction of follicular maturation and ovulation as treatment of hypothalmic-pituitary dysfunction, but in recent years its use has been applied alone or in combination with gonadotropin preparations for COS for all ramifications of assisted reproductive technologies. Almost all authors and clinics reporting

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Is Controlled Ovarian Stimulation Associated with Adverse Endometrial Effects?

Birkenfeld

1994

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Die Pseudogravidität des Kaninchens als Lutealphasenmodell: Steroid- und Proteohormonspiegel nach Clomiphencitrat-Behandlung

Cited by 1 publication

References 6 publications

Is Controlled Ovarian Stimulation Associated with Adverse Endometrial Effects?

Is Controlled Ovarian Stimulation Associated with Adverse Endometrial Effects?

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