Die Physiologische Erklärung des Verhaltens

Buytendijk, F. J. J.; Plessner, Henning

doi:10.1007/bf02147637

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Even animals are driven crazy by his experiments that disrespect their animal dignity, while the limited set of responses that defines their laboratory situation says little about the repertoire they develop in their "normal" ecological niche (Buytendijk & Plessner, 1936;de Waal, 2016). Simon nicely demonstrated the benefit of individual learning processes, clarifying how the tediousness of human learning may be the outcome of an optimization strategy in view of the unfathomable complexity of human society.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning as a Machine. Crossovers Between Humans and Machines

Hildebrandt

2017

Learning Analytics

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This article is a revised version of the keynote presented at LAK '16 in Edinburgh. The article investigates some of the assumptions of learning analytics, notably those related to behaviourism. Building on the work of Ivan Pavlov, Herbert Simon, and James Gibson as ways of "learning as a machine," the article then develops two levels of investigation (processing of personal data and profiling based on machine learning) to assess how data driven education affects privacy, non-discrimination, and the presumption of innocence. Finally, the article discusses how data minimization and profile transparency will contribute to the methodological integrity of learning analytics, while protecting the fundamental rights and freedoms of human learners thus safeguarding the creativity, humour, and contestability of human learning.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning as a Machine. Crossovers Between Humans and Machines

Hildebrandt

2017

Learning Analytics

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“…As mentioned in the introduction with reference to Buytendijk and Plessner (1936), such standardisation of methods limits the degree to which subject matter can appear in ways that are unforeseen, surprising, and hitherto unrecognised. If properties are pre-defined and methods standardised, the subject matter is knowable as being characterised by exactly those pre-defined properties, expressed within the boundaries of that design.…”

Section: Method-driven Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenomenon-driven research and systematic research assembling: Methodological conceptualisations for psychology’s epistemic projects

Huniche

Sørensen

2019

Theory & Psychology

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This article contributes to psychology’s epistemic project by proposing a methodology that foregrounds the relation between research methods and subject matter. Considering method-driven and subject-driven approaches as being opposite poles of a continuum, the science of psychology has historically tended toward emphasising one or the other. Method-driven approaches claim legitimacy through an emphasis on a unifying standardised method, while subject-driven approaches insist on human-centred conceptions of psychology’s subject matter. Both poles are accompanied by one-sided methods-to-matter relations which limit the ways in which phenomena can be known in surprising and unforeseen ways. Phenomenon-driven research conceptualises the engagement with methods and matter as mutually intra-acting. Systematic research assembling points to the practical crafting of research activities through ongoing engagement with how phenomena can be known through intra-action. In our time of particularly unsettled, changing, and complex phenomena, psychology’s epistemic projects need methodologies that aim at ways of knowing that can bring out the unexpected.

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“…6). Dwelling on Pavlov's report of the two dogs for whom repeated conditioning experiments led to their entering into a hypnotic stupor, Buytendijk and Plessner (1936) conclude that his research on conditioning is far more informative about the genesis of neurosis than any non-pathological phenomena.…”

Section: The Criticisms Of Reflexologymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…As shown by Sherrington (1906), the "receptive field" of the scratch reflex in dogs-the area on the skin in which a stimulus can elicit the scratching movement of the leg-varies from day to day, in terms both of its location and the kind of response elicited. Regarding the conditioned reflex of Pavlov, Merleau-Ponty (1942/1967, following Buytendijk and Plessner (1936), argues that it is too unstable to do the theoretical work required of it. A striking case of instability comes from Pavlov's reports of the behaviour of two dogs who had been subjected to repeated conditioning experiments.…”

Section: The Criticisms Of Reflexologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Reflex theory, cautionary tale: misleading simplicity in early neuroscience

Chirimuuta

2021

Synthese

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This paper takes an integrated history and philosophy of science approach to the topic of "simplicity out of complexity". The reflex theory was a framework within early twentieth century psychology and neuroscience which aimed to decompose complex behaviours and neural responses into simple reflexes. It was controversial in its time, and did not live up to its own theoretical and empirical ambitions. Examination of this episode poses important questions about the limitations of simplifying strategies, and the relationship between simplification and the engineering approach to biology.

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Die Physiologische Erklärung des Verhaltens

Cited by 9 publications

References 2 publications

Learning as a Machine. Crossovers Between Humans and Machines

Learning as a Machine. Crossovers Between Humans and Machines

Phenomenon-driven research and systematic research assembling: Methodological conceptualisations for psychology’s epistemic projects

Reflex theory, cautionary tale: misleading simplicity in early neuroscience

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