“…This is more than a headline, yet too vague to specify particular features of a curriculum so that the construct can be used in more precise ways. Defining curriculum is a task that has been the subjects of debates and shifts for several decades (Hameyer et al 1983;Kelly 2009;Portelli 1987;Toombs and Tierney 1993;Wiles 2008). We therefore refer to Kerr's classic definition of curriculum being "all the learning which is planned and guided by the school, whether it is carried on in groups or individually, inside or outside of school" (1968, p. 16) as a humble point of departure although it does not include the hidden, tacit curriculum which got some attention in Germany.…”