, alongside that of John Hancock, the congress' president. 3 Thomson placed the motto beneath the unfinished pyramid, 4 whose vacant peak stood for the lost monarchy after the renegade colonies have declared themselves independent on 4 July 1776. The pyramid and its motto, therefore, acted as the graphical depiction that marked 'the beginning of the new American Era', commencing from the Declaration of Independence. 2 Definitions of Normativity and Precedence Normativity in modern constitutional dogma 5 means the obligatory character of the constitution as a legal regime to control 6 and to restrict state power. 7 This amounts to the positivistic, compulsory, and justiciable nature of constitutional law, its followed by the age of the titans. Cf. Die sibyllinischen Orakel, Die Aussprüche und Weissagungen der alten Sibylle über die Vergangenheit, Gegenwart und Zukunft der Welt, Aus alten Schriften in deutscher Übertragung mit Einleitung und erläuternden Anmerkungen, 2nd ed., ed. Richard Clemens (Wiesbaden: Fourier, 1985), 65-6, 80-1, 90-1. The idea of paradisiacal conditions in present time are the theme of Virgil's fourth Eclogue. The text describes a new golden era which begins with the birth of a mysterious boy. This age is characterised by the absence of misery, hassles, and the enjoyment of the fruits of the earth without the effort of the people-there being no need for agriculture, commerce, or seafaring. This utopia becomes concrete for Virgil with Augustus. See Töns (1977), 154-5. Cf. Ryberg (1958), 112-31. In the first two pages, Ryberg points out that the golden age was already addressed by Hesiod. 2 Thomson served as the secretary of the Continental Congress from its founding in 1774 until its dissolution in 1789. His role was essentially to keep the minutes of the Congress, undertaking duties that nowadays are undertaken by the Department of State, the Secretariat of the Senate, and the Clerk of the House of Representatives. He was considered by his contemporaries to be an unimpeachable figure whose honesty was above reproach, and documents with his signature were considered 'the Truth.' 3 Between the founding of the Continental Congress in 1774 and the enacting of the United States Constitution in 1789, there was no cameral differentiation of the executive and legislative branches; the Congress occupied both.