Low back pain is one of the most common factors leading to longtime disability. Unspecific low back pain is predominant, i. e. low back pain without an anatomic or neurophysiological correlate. The socioeconomic impact of back pain is huge. In Germany 4% of all work force is lost only due to low back pain. Psychosocial factors are essential for the chronification and must be take into account in therapy. Conventional therapy has shown low efficacy, especially once chronification has started.