Die Kalziumversorgung von Äpfeln in Abhängigkeit von pflanzlichen Regelungsvorgängen

Saure, M.

doi:10.1007/s10341-005-0074-1

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

References 131 publications

(68 reference statements)

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“…Variable opinions exist between different fruitgrowing regions concerning the efficacy of such a measure. Painting cankers without prior pruning has proven ineffective at least in Northern Germany even with the most effective canker fungicides such as phenyl mercuric nitrate which was available in the 1960s, or with the curative methyl benzimidazole carbamate (MBC) fungicide thiophanate-methyl (Saure 1962;Graf 1976). Similar trials in New Zealand with tebuconazole, MBC fungicides, copper oxychloride or biological control agents gave equally disappointing results (Walter et al 2017b).…”

Section: Pruning and Paintingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MBC fungicides, sometimes in mixture with a triazole, are also effective (Graf 1976;Scheper et al 2008Scheper et al , 2016. The dressing of wounds with different pastes may promote wound healing under certain circumstances as compared to untreated control wounds, but the effort was rarely worth the money and time in relevant trials (Saure 1962). Following these and other trials, pruning wounds are commonly left G rower 2 Canker lesions per tree Previous seasonʼs canker New canker Fig.…”

Section: Pruning and Paintingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Infection biology as the basis of integrated control of apple canker (Neonectria ditissima) in Northern Europe

Weber

Børve

2021

CABI Agric Biosci

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Background European canker, caused by Neonectria ditissima, is a disease of worldwide importance in apple production, yet knowledge about it is limited, highly regional and sometimes contradictory. This is an obstacle to successful disease management. Key aspects for Northern Europe are reviewed, based on research results from Northern Germany and Norway and on international literature data. Main topics Trunk cankers developing on young trees within the first 1–3 seasons of explanting can often be traced back to latent infections initiated in the nurseries. The most important nursery infection is a lateral canker on the main trunk of ‘knip’ trees, which are the standard tree type in Northern Europe. In strongly affected batches, up to 25% of trees have to be uprooted after the first growing season due to such trunk cankers. The establishment and maintenance of healthy orchards requires clean nursery material, especially in the case of susceptible cultivars. In Northern Germany, infections within commercial orchards most often proceed through wounds caused by fruit picking or leaf fall in autumn, as shown by the appearance of cankers in the following spring and by the high efficacy of fungicide treatments at leaf fall. Ascospores, commonly thought to be relevant for long-distance spread of infections, are not released until the end of leaf fall even in wet autumn seasons in Northern Germany. Therefore, their role in the disease remains unclear. Strong nitrogen-induced vegetative growth favours apple canker. In field trials conducted under conditions of current commercial practices, autumnal sprays with copper hydroxide or copper oxide were consistently more efficacious than copper oxychloride or captan in preventing new infections. Conclusions Restricted fertilisation and other measures to curb excessive vegetative growth during the first few years of an orchard, repeated canker pruning and well-timed treatments with effective fungicides in autumn are essential for IPM of apple canker. Nonetheless, canker remains capable of severely impairing the commercial success of susceptible cultivars in regions with wet climates even if all available measures are taken. This opens up long-term perspectives for the breeding of more resistant cultivars.

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Section: Pruning and Paintingmentioning

confidence: 99%