Die Flavonoide in den Blüten von Primula officinalis

Abstract

From methanolic extracts of fresh flowers of Primula officinalis 19 flavonoids were isolated or detected: quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, apigenin; quercetin 3-O-glucoside, -rutinoside, -robinobioside, -gentiobioside, -(glucosyl-(1-->2) -glucosyl-(1-->6))-glucoside, -(rhamnosyl)-robinobioside; isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside, -rutinoside, -robinobioside, -(rhamnosyl) -robinobioside; kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside, -robinobioside; limocitrin 3-O-glucoside; 3', 4'-dihydroxyflavonglucoside. Other compounds isolated were epicatechin, epigallocatechin, and proanthocyanidin B 2.

Comparative Metabolite Profiling of Triterpenoid Saponins and Flavonoids in Flower Color Mutations of Primula veris L.

“…(a synonym for P. veris L.). Strong variation in the compound concentration may also account for the absence of the flavonoids gossypetin, luteolin and apigenin in our samples, which have been reported for P. veris before [20]. …”

“…The occurrence of these two flavonoid glycosides was confirmed in the present work, and both were found in petals as well as leaves. Further quercetin derivatives have already been identified in previous studies of P. veris and P. elatior and were used for analytical differentiation between these two medicinal plants [20]. Quercetin-3-gentiobioside, quercetin-3- O -gentiotrioside, kaempferol-3- O -rutinoside and kaempferol-3- O -robinobioside were isolated from petals of the wild type P. veris [7] and were also detected in flowers and leaves of the current study.…”

“…The absence of this compound in the wild type is most likely attributed to the extremely low compound concentration. This assumption is supported by the fact that Karl et al [20] have previously reported the extraction of isorhamnetin and several of its glycosylated derivatives from the petals of Primula officinalis Hill. (a synonym for P. veris L.).…”

Secondary metabolites from Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten

“…The 15 known compounds were isolated and identified as quercetin (4), kaempferol (5), quercetin 3-O-methyl ether (6), 2,3-dihydrokaempferol (7) (Lee et al, 2003), isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside (8) (Karl et al, 1981), 2,3-dihydroquercetin (9) (Nonaka et al, 1987), coumaric acid (10), kaempferol 7-O-glucoside (11) (Lee et al, 1998), ferulic acid (12), isorhamnetin 3-O-neohesperidoside (13) (Norbaek and Kondo, 1999) (14) (Aquino et al, 1987), isorhamnetin 3-O-(2,6-dirhamnosyl)glucoside (15) (Liu and Lu, 1998), zataroside-A (16) (Ali et al, 1999), n-butyl-b-D-fructopyranoside (17) (Xu et al, 2005), 4-O-glucosyl-mapic acid (18) (Materska and Perucka, 2005), the structure of which were determined by spectroscopic analyses.…”

Lipophilic flavones of Primula veris L. from field cultivation and in vitro cultures

“…It is a well-known medicinal plant, which provides rhizome and roots (Primulae radix) with an expectorant activity associated mainly with the triterpene saponins (Schö pke, 1994). The flowers of P. veris, of similar medicinal use (Primulae flos) (Schö pke, 1994), were found to contain a number of flavonol glycosides (Karl et al, 1981;Hegnauer, 1990) and several methoxyflavones (Huck et al, 1999(Huck et al, , 2000Stecher et al, 2003), the latter representing a group of lipophilic flavonoids found earlier in the leaf exudates of some Primula species (Hegnauer, 1969(Hegnauer, , 1990Wollenweber et al, 1988Wollenweber et al, , 1990Wollenweber and Mann, 1986). A few flavonoids were also detected in the leaves of P. veris (Harborne, 1968;Hegnauer, 1990).…”