Die Elimination von ?- und ?-Hexachlorcyclohexan und ihre Beeinflussung durch Enzyme der Lebermikrosomen

Koransky, W.; Portig, J.; Vohland, H. W.; Klempau, I.

doi:10.1007/bf00246341

Cited by 60 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…On the other hand the amount excreted in the urine increased from 43 to 54% during the same period. These results were in agreement with those obtained by Koransky et al (1964) and Chadwick et al (1971). It appears that a rapid equilibrium was established between the intake of lindane and its excretion, a fact observed with other organochlorine insecticides in animals.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

“…Metabolism of lindane in mammals has been briefly studied with rats, rabbits, and dogs (van Asperen and Oppenoorth, 1954; Grover and Sims, 1965;Jondorf et al, 1955;Koransky et al, 1964; San Antonio, 1959). Although 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, 2,4-dichlorophenylmercapturic acid, and 2,3,5-and 2,4,5-trichlorophenol have been identified, the characterization of all the metabolites is far from complete, as the identified products represented only a fraction of the total metabolites.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metabolism of carbon-14-labeled lindane in the rabbit. Ether-soluble urinary metabolites

Karapally¹,

Saha²,

Lee³

1973

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

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confidence: 99%

Metabolism of carbon-14-labeled lindane in the rabbit. Ether-soluble urinary metabolites

Karapally¹,

Saha²,

Lee³

1973

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…Figure 1 shows that the liver-DNA radioactivity reached the same plateau level of about CBI = 0.5 after 10 days. The time-dependent increase was faster in the first three days with the gamma-isomer, in accordance with the somewhat faster metabolism (17). It was also checked whether the absorption from the gastro-intestinal tract of the relatively high doses of chemical was different for the two isomers.…”

Section: Comparison Of Isomersmentioning

confidence: 64%

The relevance of covalent binding to mouse liver DNA to the carcinogenic action of hexachlorocyclohexane isomers

1983

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mutational processes must be more important for the carcinogenicity of HCH. IntroductionHexachlorocyclohexane (HCH)* comprises of a group of isomers of which the gamma-isomer, later called lindane, has very useful pesticidal activity (1). HCH have become of great public concern because the lindane batches used in the late forties contained appreciable concentrations of alpha-and beta-isomer. The alpha-isomer was found to induce liver tumors in rats and mice (2), the beta-isomer was found to have very low biodegradability and to be deposited in animal fat. Although the lindane batches used since the fifties were at least 99% pure gamma-isomer, a new discussion arose from controversial findings of a liver tumor-inducing potential of lindane itself.Chemically-induced tumors are now thought to be the result of a DNA damage succeeded by appropriate promotion (3). Most chemicals exert their activity by covalent interaction of a reactive metabolite with DNA in the target organ and are therefore called genotoxic. The metabolism of HCH involves the formation of olefins (1) and a subsequent epoxidation could result in the generation of an electrophilic species.Another group of tumor-enhancing agents, viz cocarcinogens and promoters, do not themselves react with DNA but apparently modulate one or several out of a variety of biochemical and biological steps related to the process of tumor formation. Such activities are also discussed for HCH. For instance, alpha-HCH was found to enhance the proliferation of putative preneoplastic cells in rat liver (4), and all HCH isomers are known to be inducers of drug-metabolizing enzymes (1), the alpha-isomer being more potent than lindane.It was the aim of this study to provide more information about the mechanism of tumor induction by HCH. For this reason it was examined whether the isomers of HCH can be metabolized in vivo to reactive metabolites able to reach and bind to liver DNA or whether the hepatocarcinogenicity is rather due to non-genotoxic effects. It seemed especially worthwhile to investigate whether the clear difference between the alpha-and the gamma-isomer with respect to biological effects and tumor induction (2) was reflected in their ability to bind to DNA, and whether the apparent difference in susceptibility of different strains of mice to the carcinogenicity of gamma-HCH (5 -7) can be based upon different levels of DNA binding.

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“…Although DDT decreased the storage of dieldrin in rats, swine, and fish, it had no effect in chickens (83). Other stimulators of liver microsomal enzymes, such as phenobarbital, tolbutamide, heptabarbital, phenylbutazone, and methoxychlor, also decreased the storage of dieldrin in the body fat of rats (82,84), and phenobarbital treatment accelerated the elimination of metabolites of hexachlorocyclohexane (85).…”

Section: Insecticide Metabolism In Mammalsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Metabolic Interactions Among Environmental Chemicals and Drugs

Conney

Burns

1972

Science

245

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It is evident that metabolic interactions can occur among drugs, insecticides, food additives, carcinogenic hydrocarbons, and a variety of environmental chemicals. A common denominator governing these effects is the versatile nature of the liver microsomal enzymes that metabolize chemicals with diverse structures and biological activities, and the fact that these enzymes can be stimulated or inhibited by other chemicals administered simultaneously. The discovery of these particular enzymes in the 1950's laid the groundwork for the current research on metabolic interactions. Such research provides information that is helpful in the evaluation of the safety and efficacy of drugs and environmental chemicals, and suggests new directions for further research. Some examples are as follows.

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Die Elimination von ?- und ?-Hexachlorcyclohexan und ihre Beeinflussung durch Enzyme der Lebermikrosomen

Cited by 60 publications

References 14 publications

Metabolism of carbon-14-labeled lindane in the rabbit. Ether-soluble urinary metabolites

Metabolism of carbon-14-labeled lindane in the rabbit. Ether-soluble urinary metabolites

The relevance of covalent binding to mouse liver DNA to the carcinogenic action of hexachlorocyclohexane isomers

Metabolic Interactions Among Environmental Chemicals and Drugs

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