Die elektrometrische Titration von S�uren und Basen mit der Antimon-Indikatorelektrode

Metal Oxides and Ion-Exchanging Surfaces as pH Sensors in Liquids: State-of-the-Art and Outlook

“…The redox potential of the antimony electrode [26, 27] – see Table 4 – depends directly on the proton activity of the solution in the range between pH 3 and pH 11: $E=E^0+\frac{RT}{3F}lna{(\text{Sb}}^{3+})=E^0+\frac{RT}{3F}ln\frac{K_L}{K_{\text{W}}}+\frac{RT}{F}lna{(\text{H}}^{+})=E^{0\prime }-\frac{RT}{0.4343\cdot F}\cdot p\text{H}$where K w = a (H + ) ·a (OH – ) denotes the ionic product of water. K L is the solubility product of antimony hydroxide according to Sb 2 O 3 + 3H 2 O ⇌ 2Sb(OH) 3 ⇌ 2Sb 3+ + 6OH – .…”

Anodic stripping voltammetric measurement of trace heavy metals at antimony film carbon paste electrode

“…Also antimony, as a metal related to bismuth, has its history in electrochemistry. In the past, antimony/antimony oxide electrodes were suggested as potentiometric sensors for measuring pH, particularly in combination with biomedical (dental) application [21][22][23][24][25]. Interestingly, there has not been any work presented about the successful usage of the antimony film electrode for electrochemical stripping analysis of trace heavy metals.…”

Potentiometric Stripping Analysis at Antimony Film Electrodes

“…Thus, despite very close physico-chemical and electrochemical properties of antimony and bismuth, a combination of antimony-based electrodes and a stripping analysis protocol had been considered as less attractive when our group elaborated a special study focused on both metals with direct comparison of their electroanalytical application. A major part of these investigations was performed with the glassy carbon electrode as a substrate for antimony or bismuth films and the respective results have already been presented as the introductory report [6] on applicability of antimony film electrodes in electrochemical stripping analysis (in this association, it should be mentioned that regarding antimony and its employment in electrochemistry as such, a metal/ metal oxide electrode Sb j Sb 2 O 3 j H þ has been known for a long time as potentiometric sensors monitoring pH changes [7]). The latest investigations performed have comprised the first experiments with antimony film-plated and antimony powder-dispersed carbon paste electrodes (SbF-CPE and Sb-CPE, respectively).…”