Die differenzielle Relevanz der Bindungsklassifikation für psychische Störungen - Zum Stand der Forschung bei Angststörungen, Depression und Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung -

Abstract

In recent years, there is a growing acceptance of attachment theory in different fields of psychosocial medicine. This article reviews findings of clinical attachment research - mainly based upon the Adult Attachment Interview - related to three psychological disorders, i.e. Anxiety Disorders, Depression and Borderline Personality Disorder. Whilst there are some indications for a differentiation of de- and hyperactivating attachment strategies connected to depressive disorders, the findings related to anxiety and Borderline Personality Disorders clearly indicate a predominance of preoccupied attachment patterns combined unresolved traumatic experiences. The need for a further differentiation of attachment related features within clinical samples should be considered in the future. Specifically, a differentiation of "organized" vs. "disorganized" attachment representations seems to be promising.

Attachment Status Affects Heart Rate Responses to Experimental Ostracism in Inpatients with Depression

“…Buchheim and colleagues [ 32 ] underline the importance of comparing organized and disorganized attachment status in depressed patients, acknowledging the complexity of depression and attachment and the lack of previous research. Extending the findings by analyzing differences between each attachment status separately, or between secure and insecure attachment representations will further portraying the picture of autonomic reactions to social stress in the different attachment representations.…”

“…These insecure attachment categories can be subsumed under organized vs. disorganized attachment (dismissing, preoccupied vs. unresolved trauma) [ 30 – 31 ]. The need to differentiate attachment related features in clinical samples has been postulated previously [ 32 ], especially the differences between organized and disorganized attachment status. There is confirmatory data on the distinction of these categories in the face of traumatic situations (as triggered by pictures in the AAP task) using functional magnetic resonance imaging [ 33 ].…”

Attachment‐specific speech patterns induce dysphoric mood changes in the listener as a function of individual differences in attachment characteristics and psychopathology

“…Insecure attachment is a risk factor for mental disorders (Strauss & Brenk-Franz, 2016), and trauma in childhood predisposes to subsequent depressive symptoms (Bowlby, 1980;Buchheim, Strauss, & K€ achele, 2002). From an object-relational perspective, anxiously attached individuals are endangered of developing a dependent (anaclitic) type of depression, characterized by loneliness, helplessness, and fear of rejection (Beutel et al, 2004).…”

Klinische Bindungsforschung – Methoden und Befunde

“…Bowlby ( 19) wollte derF rage nachgehen, warumv iele psychischeS törungen, wie Angst,Wut, Depression und emotionale Belastung durchT rennungu nd Ve rlusta usgelöst werden. Im Folgenden werdend rei Krankheitsbilderm it ihren bindungsspezifischen Merkmalenherausgegriffen (20). Klinische Bindungsforschung-Methodenund Befunde EinigeStudienfandenbei Patientenmit depressiverS ymptomatik einenh öheren Anteil von" unsicher-verstrickter" Bindungsrepräsentation (23),a ndere Untersuchungenwiesen einenhöherenAnteil an "unsicher-distanzierter" Bindungsrepräsentation nach (24).…”