Die bestimmung der molekulargewichtsverteilung von nichtkristallisierenden polymeren mit dem elektronenmikroskop, 7. Präparation durch verdampfung des lösungsmittels aus lösung

Koszterszitz, G.; Schulz, G. V.

doi:10.1002/macp.1977.021780830

Cited by 6 publications

References 6 publications

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Molecular Weight Determination

Cooper

2004

Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology

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Methods to determine molecular weight averages and distributions of polymeric and oligomeric materials have been devised and developed over many decades. Most of the early classical techniques were primary methods which usually yield only a single molecular weight average, based on theory and measurable constants. Of the classical methods only ultracentrifugation can determine a molecular weight distribution. Secondary methods, which depend on the availability of calibration materials, have largely supplanted the older classical techniques. Methods based on fractionation, with molecular weight characterization of the fractions, or chromatography, with continuous determination of molecular weight, are currently used to generate molecular weight distributions. Newer methods based on dynamic light scattering and viscoelastic measurements are available to determine the molecular weight distribution of difficulty soluble materials. Development of methods to describe the molecular weight and compositional distribution of multimer polymers continues to be a vibrant research area.

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Molecular Weight Determination

Cooper

2004

Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology

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Die Elektronenmikroskopie in der Polymerforschung. Fortschrittsbericht

Purz

Schulz

1979

Acta Polymerica

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Bei der elektronenmikroskopischen Untersuchung von organischen polymeren Stoffen erfordert die Praparationsund Untersuchungstechnik auf Grund der spezifischen Eigenschaften der Polymere besondere Aufmerksamkeit. In Form einer Ubersicht werden anhand von reprasentativm Beispielen einerseits die Mannigfaltigkeit von Polymerstrukturen und die Problematik bei ihrer Untersuchung und andererseits die Moglichkeiten und das Leistungsvermogen elektronenmikroskopischer Untersuchungen von Polymersys temen dargelegt. Im einzelnen beschaftigt sich der Beitrag mit verschiedensten Polymerstrukturen, die im wesentlichen mit der Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie an unterschiedlichen polymeren Materialien erhalten wurden, und zeigt dabei polymerspezifische Probleme der Probenpraparation und Untersuchungsmethodik sowie den moglichen Informationsgehalt auf.With respect to the particular properties of polymers the specimen preparation and observation in electron microscopic investigations require specific techniques and great attention in their application. By representative examples the scope and problems of structural investigations of polymers as well as the possibilities and efficiency of electron microscopic techniques are reviewed. Particularly, the different structures revealed by transmission electron microscopy with various polymer materials are described and the problems of sample preparation, observation techniques and information obtained are considered.

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Die thermische Polymerisation von Methylmethacrylat, 1. Polymerisation in Substanz

1978

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Special purification of the monomer and careful preparation of the reaction setup allowed a thorough study of the spontaneous thermal polymerization of methyl methacrylate over a wide range of temperatures (0–140°C). The rates of polymerization are notably lower than the few data previously reported in literature, and the degrees of polymerization slightly higher. The thermal initiation reaction is superimposed by radical production due to the natural ionising radiation (cosmic radiation etc.). This additional initiation becomes significant at temperatures below 60°C. New and more reliable monomer chain transfer constants are given.

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Die bestimmung der molekulargewichtsverteilung von nichtkristallisierenden polymeren mit dem elektronenmikroskop, 7. Präparation durch verdampfung des lösungsmittels aus lösung

Cited by 6 publications

References 6 publications

Molecular Weight Determination

Molecular Weight Determination

Die Elektronenmikroskopie in der Polymerforschung. Fortschrittsbericht

Die thermische Polymerisation von Methylmethacrylat, 1. Polymerisation in Substanz

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