Die bedeutung hirnmorphologischer merkmale für die taxonomie der placentalen säucer

Anatomical correlates and nomenclature of the chiropteran endocranial cast

“…The exposed lobules of the cerebellar vermis on an endocast as proposed by Maugoust and Orliac (2021) are congruent with the descriptions, schemes, and sagittal sections of Schneider (1957Schneider ( , 1966 and Hackethal (1981) and may be applicable for the whole order: the anteriormost exposed lobule is the declive (lobule VI), followed by the folium vermis (VIIa), the tuber vermis (VIIb), the pyramis (VIII), and the posteriormost one is the uvula (lobule IX). If bat brains do exhibit all these lobules (Hackethal, 1981), these are not always distinguishable in endocasts (Figure 4f).…”

“…McDaniel (1976) also describes extensively the external morphology of the brain of phyllostomid bats; although it concerns only one particular group in our clade of interest, its methodology may be applicable to this work. Hackethal (1981) reviews what has been done on the cerebral and cerebellar morphology in mammals as a whole. In this work, the cerebral section is a review of the literature at the order level while the cerebellar section is a well-documented overview of cerebellar morphology, with numerous figures and anatomical content discussed at the family level.…”

“…Here, we complete the nomenclature of Maugoust and Orliac (2021) following mainly Hackethal (1981), Henson (1970), and Schneider (1957, 1966 for the identification of the nervous structures, and Grosser (1901), Tandler (1899), and subsequent works for the identification of the vascular structures. We use Anglicized terms of the Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria (I.C.V.G.A.N., 2017) or of the Latin terms from the previously cited articles if the respective information is missing in the NAV.…”

“…The diversity of bat ecology is necessarily linked to their central nervous system, and their brains have therefore been widely studied. Several studies have focused on the general morphology and diversity of the brain, with comparisons between and within chiropteran families (Baron et al, 1996;Hackethal, 1981;Henson, 1970;McDaniel, 1976;Neuweiler, 2000;Schneider, 1957Schneider, , 1966. However, most studies have focused on volumes and subvolumes of the brain to correlate neural volumes with ecological traits (e.g., Dechmann & Safi, 2009;Hutcheon et al, 2002;Jolicoeur et al, 1984;Mann, 1961;Safi et al, 2005;Stephan & Pirlot, 1970).…”

“…Some studies compared brain and endocast size and shape in large mammals and highlighted important discrepancies (Benoit, 2015;Bisconti et al, 2021;Dechaseaux, 1962;Lyras, 2009), making it difficult to make inferences on largesized mammalian endocasts (unless exceptional cases or specific methodological adjustments are made). Other studies stated and/or showed that the brain reflects well on the inner braincase in small-sized and medium-sized mammals (Dechaseaux, 1962;Kochetkova, 1978;Orlov, 1961) because the thickness of the meninges is less (e.g., Hackethal, 1981). However, with global size reduction, bony structures and soft tissues surrounding the brain are thinner, brain structures are subtler, and imprints on endocasts are shallower.…”