Die Abhängigkeit der Kreislaufzeit von Alter, Geschlecht und Körperlänge

Börner, W.; Moll, E.; Rau, Harald; Schröder, Johannes

doi:10.1007/bf02120035

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 18 publications

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“…We refer to the results section below for a discussion about how these values differ from the measurements in [ 63 ]. The recirculation time [ 64 ] and time between peaks can be expected to differ due to intra-organ retention of compounds. From the values τ rec total , two transit times explained below are subtracted to obtain τ body , namely the sinusoidal transit time, see Eq 6 , and the transit time for the hepatic vascular systems, if present in the model, see Eqs 7 and 8 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Representative Sinusoids for Hepatic Four-Scale Pharmacokinetics Simulations

et al. 2015

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The mammalian liver plays a key role for metabolism and detoxification of xenobiotics in the body. The corresponding biochemical processes are typically subject to spatial variations at different length scales. Zonal enzyme expression along sinusoids leads to zonated metabolization already in the healthy state. Pathological states of the liver may involve liver cells affected in a zonated manner or heterogeneously across the whole organ. This spatial heterogeneity, however, cannot be described by most computational models which usually consider the liver as a homogeneous, well-stirred organ.The goal of this article is to present a methodology to extend whole-body pharmacokinetics models by a detailed liver model, combining different modeling approaches from the literature. This approach results in an integrated four-scale model, from single cells via sinusoids and the organ to the whole organism, capable of mechanistically representing metabolization inhomogeneity in livers at different spatial scales. Moreover, the model shows circulatory mixing effects due to a delayed recirculation through the surrounding organism.To show that this approach is generally applicable for different physiological processes, we show three applications as proofs of concept, covering a range of species, compounds, and diseased states: clearance of midazolam in steatotic human livers, clearance of caffeine in mouse livers regenerating from necrosis, and a parameter study on the impact of different cell entities on insulin uptake in mouse livers.The examples illustrate how variations only discernible at the local scale influence substance distribution in the plasma at the whole-body level. In particular, our results show that simultaneously considering variations at all relevant spatial scales may be necessary to understand their impact on observations at the organism scale.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%