Diclofenac photodegradation under simulated sunlight: Effect of different forms of nitrogen and Kinetics

TiO2-assisted photocatalytic degradation of diclofenac, metoprolol, estrone and chloramphenicol as endocrine disruptors in water

“…9: According to the obtained results it can be deduced that the degradation of studied pollutants may be generally described by pseudo-first order kinetics (Table 3). That is with agreement with data obtained by Zhang et al (2011) for DFC, Liu and Liu (2004) for E1. The closer analysis revealed, however, that two steps during the process may be observed.…”

“…That was in agreement with the results obtained by Zhang et al (2011), Martínez et al (2011) or Qin et al (2012). (8-chloro-9H-carbazol-1-yl)acetic acid may be obtained as the result of *OH addition to 2-(8-chloro-9H-carbazol-1-yl)acetic acid, the product of photocyclization to the monohalogenated carbazole, involving loss of chlorine and hydrogen atoms, followed by structural rearrangement resulting in the formation of a new ring.…”

“…The studies of Zhang et al 2011 indicated that the selfsensitized photooxidation of pollutants may be observed. *OH, 1 O 2 and O 2 *-were involved in the DCF photooxidation.…”

An overview on the advanced oxidation processes applied for the treatment of water pollutants defined in the recently launched Directive 2013/39/EU

“…Concerning these compounds, there are several works reporting AOPs to treat diclofenac (Calza et al, 2006;Guyer and Ince, 2011;Martínez et al, 2011;Michael et al, 2014;Naddeo et al, 2010;Naddeo et al, 2009;Pérez-Estrada et al, 2005;Rizzo et al, 2009;Zhang et al, 2011) as well as both hormones (Dimitroula et al, 2012;Frontistis et al, 2012;Frontistis et al, 2011;Pereira et al, 2012). Data regarding these particular compounds can be consulted in article reviews that have been published in the last few years and that already encompass a lot of information dealing with the removal of these compounds from water by using AOPs Kanakaraju et al, 2014;Klavarioti et al, 2009;Liu et al, 2009;Luo et al, 2014;Rivera-Utrilla et al, 2013;Silva et al, 2012).…”

Efficient application of nano-TiO2 thin films in the photocatalytic removal of Alizarin Yellow from aqueous solutions

“…On the other hand, UV only shows almost negligible degradation of AY; hence, the rate constant values are not computed. In a line, it was reported that the degradation of diclofenac sodium (DFS) was decreased significantly increasing the initial concentration of DFS [38] and explained with the fact that there could be a competition for the absorption of the limited number of available photons by the DFS molecules. Once the initial concentration of DFS was increased but the number of available photons was not changed, therefore, the number of photons available per molecule of DFS was decreased, so the degradation rate of DFS was decreased.…”