Diclofenac May Induce PIA-Independent Biofilm Formation in Staphylococcus aureus Strains

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogen commonly resistant to antibiotics. Biofilm formation is one of the important factors related to its virulence. Non-antibiotics drugs, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs), have been studied as an alternative for treating infections by multiresistant pathogens and biofilm-associated infections. In this study, the effects of NSAID sodium diclofenac on growth inhibition and biofilm formation of S. aureus were evaluated. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of diclofenac for fifty isolates ranged from 200 to 400 μg/mL. Diclofenac sub-MICs induced biofilm in 32.3% of biofilm-negative strains in tryptic soy broth. All biofilms induced by the drug showed a PIA- (polysaccharide intercellular adhesion-) independent composition, and the scanning electron microscopy showed that the induced biofilm presented a very discrete matrix. The combination of diclofenac with rifampicin sub-MICs induced strong production of PIA-dependent biofilm in three of four strains, while combination of NSAID with NaCl induced the formation of partially polysaccharide biofilm in two strains and PIA-independent biofilm in another strain. The combination of NSAID with glucose resulted in PIA-independent biofilms in all four strains tested. The results showed that diclofenac can commonly induce biofilm production by a PIA-independent pathway. However, when this NSAID is combined with other types of inducing agents, the composition of the biofilm produced may vary.

Mitigation of Virulence in Resistant Escherichia Coli by Diclofenac Sodium, Phenotypic and Genotypic Study.

“…Also, in an earlier study, diclofenac sodium reduced the biofilm formation ability by 50.1% in MDR E. coli which is following our results (Baldiris et al 2016). Likewise, in earlier research similar to our results, diclofenac sodium exhibited an anti-biofilm activity in S. aureus and reduced its pathogenicity (Alves et al 2021). Furthermore, the previous report (Abbas et al 2020) revealed that diclofenac sodium significantly reduced the biofilm formation in S. aureus with a percentage ranging between 22.67 to 70% which is close to some extent to our results.…”

Programmable Electro‐Assembly of Collagen: Constructing Porous Janus Films with Customized Dual Signals for Immunomodulation and Tissue Regeneration in Periodontitis Treatment

“…Another potential function of the E‐Janus Col/DS film is its antibacterial activity, since DS released from the porous layer is reported to inhibit the DNA synthesis of bacteria [ 21 ] as illustrated in Figure 5h . Staphylococcus aureus, a common foodborne pathogenic microorganism that causes periodontitis, was used to evaluate the antibacterial properties of E‐Janus Col/DS films.…”

Ebselen: A Promising Repurposing Drug to Treat Infections Caused by Multidrug-Resistant Microorganisms

“…Examples of drugs that can show a greater or lesser degree of activity against microbial pathogens include drugs belonging to the nonsteroidal anti-infammatory class [8,9], antihistamines [10], antineoplastics and antipsychotics/antidepressants [6], anesthetics and statins [7], organometallic compounds, such as auranofn (a drug approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis), and organoselenium compounds, which have diferent pharmacological activities [11]. Among the selenorganic compounds already synthesized, ebselen (2-phenyl-1,2-benzisoselenazol-3(2H)-one) (Figure 1) has been the most studied, mainly due to its antioxidant properties, but also anti-infammatory and antiatherosclerotic properties [12].…”