Dichogamy in angiosperms

Bertin, Robert I.; Newman, Christian M.

doi:10.1007/bf02856676

Cited by 274 publications

(227 citation statements)

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“…Floral characteristics of F. speciosa are markedly similar to those from other tropical species from Rubiaceae like in Manettia luteo-rubra (Passos & Sazima 1995) and Palicourea petiolaris (Sobrevilla et al 1983). Protandry, as registered for F. speciosa, is the dichogamous pattern frequently observed in Rubiaceae, especially in ornithophilous species of tropical forests (Bertin & Newman 1993). Some authors suggest that dichogamy is a mechanism that may reduce anther-stigma interference (Lloyd & Webb 1986, Bertin & Newman 1993.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Protandry, as registered for F. speciosa, is the dichogamous pattern frequently observed in Rubiaceae, especially in ornithophilous species of tropical forests (Bertin & Newman 1993). Some authors suggest that dichogamy is a mechanism that may reduce anther-stigma interference (Lloyd & Webb 1986, Bertin & Newman 1993. The reduction of interference between male and female organs is almost absolute in F. speciosa, due to dichogamy and the spatial separation of male and female structures, caused by the shrivelling of the filaments between the first to the second day.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Reproductive biology of the protandrous Ferdinandusa speciosa Pohl (Rubiaceae) in Southeastern Brazil

Castro¹,

Oliveira²

2001

Rev. bras. Bot.

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-(Reproductive biology of the protandrous Ferdinandusa speciosa Pohl (Rubiaceae) in southeastern Brazil). A study of the floral biology and the breeding system of Ferdinandusa speciosa Pohl (Rubiaceae) was carried out from March to September 1996 in Uberlândia, MG, central Brazil. This species is a shrub or small tree that occurs in swampy edges of gallery forests. The two studied populations flowered somewhat asynchronously from March to July. The tubular flowers are red, approximately 4.7 cm long and last for two days. They are protandrous and the pollen is available one day before the stigma becomes receptive. The beginning of anthesis and the opening of the stigmatic lips occur at dusk. The nectar is secreted during both the male and the female phases, with concentration of sugars greater in the male phase. The flowers are pollinated by two hummingbird species, Chlorostilbon aureoventris and Phaethornis pretrei. Ferdinandusa speciosa is a self-compatible, non-apomictic species, with low fruit production under natural conditions in the populations studied. No differences were found between fruit set of self-and cross-pollinated flowers, nor in the pollen tube growth rate in the pistils of these flowers. The seeds formed by cross-pollination are larger, heavier and show a higher percentage of germination than those formed by self-pollination, which indicates inbreeding depression. This result suggests that, although the species is self-compatible, cross-pollination may be advantageous.RESUMO -(Biologia reprodutiva de Ferdinandusa speciosa Pohl (Rubiaceae), uma espécie protândrica do sudeste brasileiro). O estudo da biologia floral e sistema de reprodução de Ferdinandusa speciosa Pohl (Rubiaceae) foi realizado durante os meses de março a setembro de 1996 em Uberlândia, MG, Brasil central. Esta espécie é uma arvoreta que ocorre em margens alagadas de matas de galeria. As populações estudadas floresceram de março a julho, apresentando pulsos de emissão de inflorescências que conferiram uma certa assincronia de floração tanto individual quanto populacional. As flores possuem corola vermelha, tubular, levemente curvada, medindo cerca de 4,7 cm de comprimento e duram dois dias. São protândricas, e a oferta de pólen precede em um dia a receptividade estigmática. Tanto o início da antese quanto a abertura dos lábios estigmáticos ocorrem no crepúsculo. O néctar está disponível nas fases masculina e feminina, apresentando maior concentração de açúcares na fase masculina. As flores são polinizadas por duas espécies de beija-flor, Chlorostilbon aureoventris e Phaethornis pretrei. Ferdinandusa speciosa é uma espécie autocompatível, não apomítica e com baixa produção de frutos em condições naturais. Não houve diferença significativa entre a produção de frutos formados por autopolinização e polinização cruzada, nem na taxa de crescimento de tubos polínicos provenientes destes dois tipos de cruzamento. As sementes formadas por polinização cruzada são maiores, com massa e taxa de germinação maiores do que as formadas ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Reproductive biology of the protandrous Ferdinandusa speciosa Pohl (Rubiaceae) in Southeastern Brazil

Castro¹,

Oliveira²

2001

Rev. bras. Bot.

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“…Ormond et al (1984) também classificam J. gossypifolia como protogínica. Segundo Bertin & Newman (1993), protoginia ocorre em muitas espécies monóicas e a polinização anemófila é comum em espécies que apresentam padrão de protoginia interfloral associada com flores muito pequenas e inconspícuas. Entretanto, no presente estudo, apesar das espécies estudadas serem monóicas e protogínicas, suas flores são bastante vistosas, sendo a polinização exclusivamente biótica.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Biologia reprodutiva de duas espécies de Jatropha L. (Euphorbiaceae) em caatinga, Nordeste do Brasil

Santos¹,

Machado²,

Lopes³

2005

Rev. bras. Bot.

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-(Reproductive biology of two species of Jatropha L. (Euphorbiaceae) in "Caatinga", northeastern Brazil). The phenology, pollination and breeding system of Jatropha mutabilis (Pohl) Baill. and J. mollissima (Pohl) Baill. were studied in the municipalities of Buíque (8°67' S and 37°01' W) and Arcoverde (8°25' S and 37°02' W), both in the Caatinga, Pernambuco state. Twenty individuals of each species were tagged for phenological observations, and the study of floral biology, reproductive system, as well as the frequency and behaviour of floral visitors. The species are monoecious, with diurnal dish flowers, the male ones more ephemeral (12 h) than the female (36 h). The sugar concentration in the nectar of J. mutabilis and J. mollissima varied between 26%-32% and 20%-28%, respectively. Volume was usually greater (16 µL) in female flowers of both species. Pollen viability was high (> 97%). Both species are self-compatible. The percentage of fruit set under natural conditions was c. 75% in J. mutabilis and of 85% in J. mollissima, indicating high reproductive success. The flowers are pollinated by bees and wasps, and also by hummingbirds in J. mutabilis and butterflies in J. mollissima. The species have flowers along the whole year, thus they are important resources for the maintenance of the local communities of animals that visit them. Also, the presence and effectiveness of these groups of pollinators are fundamental for both plant species, since they are responsible for the pollen flow among male and female flowers in these monoecious shrubs.Key words -Caatinga, Jatropha, monoecy, pollination, reproductive phenology RESUMO -(Biologia reprodutiva de duas espécies de Jatropha L. (Euphorbiaceae) em Caatinga, Nordeste do Brasil). A polinização, o sistema reprodutivo e a fenologia de floração e de frutificação de Jatropha mutabilis (Pohl) Baill. e J. mollissima (Pohl) Baill. foram estudados no Estado de Pernambuco, nos Municípios de Buíque (8°67' S e 37°01' W) e Arcoverde (8°25' S e 37°02' W), ambos em Caatinga. Foram marcados 20 indivíduos de cada espécie para registro dos dados fenológicos, aspectos da biologia floral, sistema reprodutivo, bem como freqüência e comportamento dos visitantes florais. As duas espécies são monóicas, apresentam flores do tipo disco, com antese floral diurna, havendo variação em relação à longevidade das flores nos dois sexos, sendo as flores masculinas mais efêmeras (12 h), e as femininas mais duradouras (36 h). Ambos os tipos florais são nectaríferos e a concentração de açúcares no néctar variou entre 26% e 32% em J. mutabilis e 20% a 28% em J. mollissima. A viabilidade do pólen foi alta (> 97%) em ambas as espécies. As espécies são autocompatíveis, formando frutos tanto nos tratamentos de geitonogamia como nos de xenogamia. O percentual de formação de frutos em condições naturais foi ca. 75% em J. mutabilis e de 85% em J. mollissima, indicando alto sucesso reprodutivo. As flores de ambas as espécies são polinizadas por abelhas e vespas, além de beija-flores em J. mutabilis e ...

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“…Two forms of dichogamy exist: protandry (male phase precedes female) and protogyny (female phase precedes male). Protandry is generally associated with biotic pollination and protogyny is generally associated with wind pollination (Bertin and Newman 1993). Phylogenetic analysis points to a possible link between floral symmetry and dichogamy: within the Asteridae protandry has been lost more frequently than expected in actinomorphic clades and has been gained more frequently than expected in zygomorphic clades.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Evolution of flower shape in Plantago lanceolata

et al. 2009

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Plantago lanceolata produces small actinomorphic (radially symmetric), wind-pollinated flowers that have evolved from a zygomorphic, biotically pollinated ancestral state. To understand the developmental mechanisms that might underlie this change in flower shape, and associated change in pollination syndrome, we analyzed the role of CYC-like genes in P. lanceolata. Related zygomorphic species have two CYC-like genes that are expressed asymmetrically in the dorsal region of young floral meristems and in developing flowers, where they affect the rate of development of dorsal petals and stamens. Plantago has a single CYC-like gene (PlCYC) that is not expressed in early floral meristems and there is no apparent asymmetry in the pattern of PlCYC expression during later flower development. Thus, the evolution of actinomorphy in Plantago correlates with loss of dorsal-specific CYC-like gene function. PlCYC is expressed in the inflorescence stem, in pedicels, and relatively late in stamen development, suggesting a novel role for PlCYC in compacting the inflorescence and retarding stamen elongation in this wind pollinated species.

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Dichogamy in angiosperms

Cited by 274 publications

References 46 publications

Reproductive biology of the protandrous Ferdinandusa speciosa Pohl (Rubiaceae) in Southeastern Brazil

Reproductive biology of the protandrous Ferdinandusa speciosa Pohl (Rubiaceae) in Southeastern Brazil

Biologia reprodutiva de duas espécies de Jatropha L. (Euphorbiaceae) em caatinga, Nordeste do Brasil

Evolution of flower shape in Plantago lanceolata

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