Dichlorvos ? a 2-year inhalation carcinogenesis study in rats

Blair, D.; Dix, K. M.; Hunt, Patricia; Thorpe, E.; Stevenson, David S.; Walker, Adam

doi:10.1007/bf00570270

Cited by 38 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The difference in the route and duration of administration of DDVP in their study might be responsible for the observed difference in our findings. Our findings, also did not agree with that of Blair et al (1976), who in a similar inhalational study, reported that microscopic examinations of the DDVP toxicity could not be correlated with exposure to DDVP. Our earlier experiment indicated that tissue to exposure increases in its intensity with the duration as demonstrated in the lungs and the liver of DDVP-exposed rats .…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Renal Corpuscles Were Protected From Dichlorvos: Induced Morphological Alterations in Rats by Antioxidant Vitamins

et al. 2014

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SUMMARY: Dichlorvos (DDVP), an organophosphorus pesticide is a volatile compound which enters the human body through oral, dermal and inhalational routes and is excreted via the kidney. This study assessed the effects of DDVP on the histology of the kidney. Twenty five male rats (75.05 ± 5.55 g) were divided into 5 groups of 5 rats per group as follows: Unexposed group, exposure to DDVP alone for 5 weeks, and 3 other groups exposed to DDVP for 5 weeks in addition to supplement with Vitamin E, vitamin C, and red palm oil (RPO). Rats were exposed to DDVP in poorly ventilated cardboard cages for 4 hours daily. On completion of exposure, rats were euthanized and tissue processed by routine paraffin wax method and stained with H&E. Morphological alterations monitored by histological and morphometric studies using the graticule and software packages. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and p<0.05 considered as significant. DDVP caused significant reduction (10%) in the maximum glomerular diameter and 18% reduction in the maximum width of the renal corpuscle when compared with unexposed rats. However, VTE, VTC, and RPO significantly elevated the maximum glomerular diameter by 21%, 22%, 23% the respectively. Similarly, VTE, VTC, and RPO significantly elevated the maximum width of the renal corpuscle by 17%, 19%, 20% respectfully. Glomerular tuft cellularity was neither affected by DDVP treatment nor by vitamin augmentation. Inhaled DDVP caused histological alterations in the microscopic anatomy of renal corpuscles of rat which was mitigated by vitamin supplementation. Data suggest involvement of prolonged DDVP use in the aetiology of renal failure.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Renal Corpuscles Were Protected From Dichlorvos: Induced Morphological Alterations in Rats by Antioxidant Vitamins

et al. 2014

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“…2 and 3), certain tissue and tumor codes are given in capital letters; these denote particular mixes of sites or tumor types from the NCI/NTP bioassays; capital letters are not used for other sources of data. When these capitals appear, additional information about the specific pathology is presented on the right side of the plot, where the header line reads "Citation or Pathology" in field (27). These special capitalized codes are used in the plot when the calculation of TD50 is based on special mixes of tissue and tumor types from the NCI/NTP bioassays.…”

Section: Range Of Carcinogenic Potencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus in the example given here, lines ld, e, and f, report for mice the TBA MXB, liv MXB, and then lun MXB. The specific pathology is given for liv MXB and lun MXB under column (27).…”

Section: Range Of Carcinogenic Potencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…"MXA" (for "Mix Author") is used to denote a combination of sites or pathologies which is taken directly from the Technical Report Tables of Analyses of Primary Thmors, and denotes a mix of tissues or tumors created in those tables. In the example, the site and histopathology for line 16, "lun MXA" are listed in column (27). Whenever MXA appears, as in line lb "lun MXA," the sites and/or histopathology which were combined are listed in column (27).…”

Section: Range Of Carcinogenic Potencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the example, the site and histopathology for line 16, "lun MXA" are listed in column (27). Whenever MXA appears, as in line lb "lun MXA," the sites and/or histopathology which were combined are listed in column (27). 3.…”

Section: Range Of Carcinogenic Potencymentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Carcinogenic Potency Database of the Standardized Results of Animal Bioassays

Gold¹,

Sawyer²,

Magaw³

et al. 1984

Environmental Health Perspectives

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The preceding paper described our numerical index of carcinogenic potency, the TD54, and the statistical procedures adopted for estimating it from experimental data. This paper presents the Carcinogenic Potency Database, which includes results of about 3000 long-term, chronic experiments of 770 test compounds. Part II is a discussion of the sources of our data, the rationale for the inclusion of particular experiments and particular target sites, and the conventions adopted in summarizing the literature. Part III is a guide to the plot of results presented in Part IV. A number of appendices are provided to facilitate use of the database. The plot includes information about chronic cancer tests in mammals, such as dose and other aspects of experimental protocol, histopathology and tumor incidence, TD5o and its statistical significance, dose response, author's opinion and literature reference. The plot readily permits comparisons of carcinogenic potency and many other aspects of cancer tests; it also provides quantitative information about negative tests. The range of carcinogenic potency is over 10 million-fold. Part 1: IntroductionThis paper presents the Carcinogenic Potency Database, which includes data on approximately 3000 longterm, chronic animal experiments with about 770 chemicals. The preceding paper (1) described our numerical index of carcinogenic potency, the TD50, and the statistical procedures adopted for estimating it from experimental data. weight/day) which, if administered chronically for the standard lifespan of the species, will halve the probability of remaining tumorless throughout that period. A TD50 can be computed for any particular type of neoplasm, for any particular tissue, or for any combination of these.Part II of this paper discusses the sources of bioassay results and the rationale for including particular experiments and particular target sites in the database. The conventions adopted in summarizing and standardizing the literature are also described. In Part IV we present a plot of the database. In

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Organophosphorus Compounds

Storm¹

2001

Patty's Toxicology

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Organophosphate pesticides are a highly diverse group of chemicals to which workers may be exposed during manufacture and formulation and during or after application for their intended uses. They are all characterized by their ability to inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) that deactivates the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh). Compounds in this class are numerous and have been categorized in many ways according to the nature of the substituents. Gallo and Lawryk, for example, categorized them into four main categories (Groups I‐IV) based on the characteristics of the leaving group (X). Group I compounds, phosphorylcholines, have a leaving group that contains a quaternary nitrogen and are among the most potent organophosphates (e.g., Shradan). Group II compounds, fluorophosphates, have a fluoride leaving group and are also generally highly toxic (e.g., diisopropyl fluorophosphate). Group III compounds have leaving groups that contain cyanide or a halogen other than fluoride and are generally less potent than Groups I or II (e.g., Parathion). Group IV contains most of the organophosphates used as insecticides today. These compounds have alkoxy, alkylthio, aryloxy, arylthio or heterocyclic leaving groups and a wide variety of other substituents. Another classification scheme is based on the nature of the atoms that immediately surround the central phosphorus atom and results in 14 different categories. According to this scheme, phosphates are the prototype for the entire class and are those compounds where all four atoms that surround the phosphorus atom are oxygen (e.g., dichlorvos, mevinphos). Sulfur‐containing organophosphate compounds (phosphorothioates; phosphorothiolates; phosphorodithioates; phosphorodithiolates) are far more numerous than phosphates and include well recognized organophosphate insecticides such as parathion, diazinon, chlorpyrifos, etc. Other groups contain nitrogen (phosphoramides and phosphorodiamides), nitrogen and sulfur (phosphoramidothionates and phosphoramidothiolates), carbon (phosphonates and phosphinates), or carbon and sulfur (phosphonothionates, phosphonothionothiolates and phosphinothionates). All aspects of organophosphate chemistry, toxicity, analysis, and exposure potential have been previously reviewed. Additionally information regarding the toxicity of this class of compounds has expanded greatly in recent years as a result of toxicity data supplied by registrants to the U.S. EPA's Office of Pesticides to support reregistration. These data are being made publically available by the U.S. EPA on their internet web site. The following discussion draws heavily from recent reviews but also includes summaries of relevant toxicity data submitted to the U.S. EPA available when this chapter was completed. Due to space limitations detailed data reviews are included here for only 30 organophosphate pesticides. Information on other pesticides registered or undergoing reregistration in the United States can be readily obtained from the previously mentioned website.

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Dichlorvos ? a 2-year inhalation carcinogenesis study in rats

Cited by 38 publications

References 14 publications

Renal Corpuscles Were Protected From Dichlorvos: Induced Morphological Alterations in Rats by Antioxidant Vitamins

Renal Corpuscles Were Protected From Dichlorvos: Induced Morphological Alterations in Rats by Antioxidant Vitamins

A Carcinogenic Potency Database of the Standardized Results of Animal Bioassays

Organophosphorus Compounds

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