Dichloromethane as a Solvent for Lipid Extraction and Assessment of Lipid Classes and Fatty Acids from Samples of Different Natures

Cequier-Sánchez, Elena; Rodrı́guez, Covadonga; Ravelo, Ángel G.; Zárate, Rafael

doi:10.1021/jf073471e

Cited by 254 publications

(165 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

163

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The lipid content was measured using the Folch method as described by Cequier-Sánchez et al [21]. MSW sample (400 mg) sample of was added to 12 mL of dichloromethane/ methanol (2: 1, v/v) and incubated for 2 hours at room temperature with occasional mixing.…”

Section: Total Lipid Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Optimizing Cellulase Production from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) using Solid State Fermentation (SSF)

Abdullah

Greetham

Pensupa

et al. 2016

J Fundam Renewable Energy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper explores the possibility of using an industrially processed municipal solid waste (MSW) for cellulase enzyme production via solid state fermentation (SSF) by Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus niger. Both fungi grew well on the MSW substrate and production of cellulase enzymes was optimized for temperature, moisture content, inoculation and period of incubation. The effect of additional minerals, and alternative carbon and nitrogen sources were also examined.Following optimization a cellulase activity of 26.10 ± 3.09 FPU/g could be produced using T. reesei at 30°C with a moisture content of 60% with an inoculums of 0.5 million spores/g and incubation for 168 hours. Addition of extra nitrogen and/or carbon did not improve cellulase accumulation. Acid or alkali pretreatment of MSW led to reduced cellulase production. Crude enzymes produced from MSW by T. reesei were evaluated for their ability to release glucose from MSW. A cellulose hydrolysis yield of 24.7% was achieved, which was close to that obtained using a commercial enzyme. Results demonstrated that MSW can be used as an inexpensive lignocellulosic material for the production of cellulase enzymes. Research has revealed that T. reesei can produce 13.4 FPU/g cellulase activity using water hyacinth [8]; 154.58 FPU/g using sugar cane bagasse [10]; 8.2 FPU/g using oil palm empty fruit bunches [11]; and 1.16 FPU/g using rice bran [12] as substrates. Similarly it has been reported that A. Niger could produce 24 FPU/g cellulase activity using wheat straw as a substrate [13]. Other substrates such as banana peel, rice straw, corn cob residue, rice husk, banana fruit stalk, and coconut coir pith have all being used for cellulase production [14,15]. Optimizing Cellulase Production fromAlthough MSW can contain a high lignocellulosic content, there has been limited research into the use of MSW for cellulase production. Other research demonstrated the possibility of using MSW to produce cellulase via SSF. But by using raw not autoclave MSW [16,17]. In this paper, we report an example of using an industrially processed MSW for cellulase production and then the use of the resulting "cellulase cocktail" for the enzymatic hydrolysis of MSW. Materials and Methods Municipal solid wasteMunicipal solid waste (MSW) was kindly supplied by Wilson Steam Storage Ltd (UK). The MSW had been subjected to commercial steam 15 min, respectively. After autoclaving, samples were neutralized to pH 7.0 using either 1 M NaOH or 1 M H 2 SO 4 as appropriate. The samples were then centrifuged at 5000 rpm (4472 g) for 10 min. The solid fraction (pellet) was rinsed three times by adding distilled water to the pellet and re-centrifuged. The solid fraction was then dried overnight at room temperature. Journal of Fundamentals of Renewable Energy and ApplicationsMicroorganisms: Two filamentous fungi, Trichoderma reesei QM6a and Aspergillus niger N402 were kindly donated by Professor David Archer (University of Nottingham, UK). Procedures for storing and cultivating T. reesei and A. n...

show abstract

Section: Total Lipid Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lower organic phase was dried under nitrogen gas until all liquid had evaporated. The tube was reweighed to give the total lipid content [21].Trace element analysis: 2 g sample of MSW was added to 15 mL of concentrated HNO 3 and placed on a hot plate until the volume reached 5 mL. Samples were then filtered using filter paper (No.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing Cellulase Production from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) using Solid State Fermentation (SSF)

Abdullah

Greetham

Pensupa

et al. 2016

J Fundam Renewable Energy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Approximately 200 mg each of liver and muscle tissue were recovered from enthanol-preserved carcasses subjected to extraction with a methanol/dichloromethane mixture to remove lipids (30) and dried at 70°C for 48 h. The stable isotopes and concentrations of nitrogen and carbon were analyzed simultaneously with a THERMO/ Finnigan MAT V isotope ratio mass spectrometer and THERMO Flash EA 1112 elemental analyzer at Braford University, United Kingdom. The ratios of stable isotopes are given using the conventional δ notion (δ 15 N and δ 13 C), with respect to atmospheric nitrogen and Vienna PeeDee Belemnite standards.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary history contributes to enterotype-like clustering and functional metagenomic content in the intestinal microbiome of wild mice

Wang

Linnenbrink

Künzel

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

151

153

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Understanding the origins of gut microbial community structure is critical for the identification and interpretation of potential fitnessrelated traits for the host. The presence of community clusters characterized by differences in the abundance of signature taxa, referred to as enterotypes, is a debated concept first reported in humans and later extended to other mammalian hosts. In this study, we provide a thorough assessment of their existence in wild house mice using a panel of evaluation criteria. We identify support for two clusters that are compositionally similar to clusters identified in humans, chimpanzees, and laboratory mice, characterized by differences in Bacteroides, Robinsoniella, and unclassified genera belonging to the family Lachnospiraceae. To further evaluate these clusters, we (i) monitored community changes associated with moving mice from the natural to a laboratory environment, (ii) performed functional metagenomic sequencing, and (iii) subjected wild-caught samples to stable isotope analysis to reconstruct dietary patterns. This process reveals differences in the proportions of genes involved in carbohydrate versus protein metabolism in the functional metagenome, as well as differences in plant-versus meat-derived food sources between clusters. In conjunction with wild-caught mice quickly changing their enterotype classification upon transfer to a standard laboratory chow diet, these results provide strong evidence that dietary history contributes to the presence of enterotype-like clustering in wild mice.

show abstract

“…Extraction of lipids was done twice with dichlormethane-methanol (2:1 v/v; cf. Cequier-Sa´nchez et al, 2008). We omitted a treatment with hot isopropanol because preliminary studies showed that this treatment would not improve lipid extraction (Supplementary Figure S1).…”

Section: Sterol Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytoplankton sterol contents vary with temperature, phosphorus and silicate supply: a study on three freshwater species

Piepho

Martin‐Creuzburg

Wacker

2012

European Journal of Phycology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The understanding of environmentally induced changes in the biochemical composition of phytoplankton species is of great importance in both physiological studies and ecological food web research. In extensive laboratory experiments we tested the influence of two different temperatures (10 C and 25 C) and a phosphorus supply gradient on the sterol concentrations of the three freshwater phytoplankton species Scenedesmus quadricauda, Cryptomonas ovata and Cyclotella meneghiniana. The diatom C. meneghiniana was additionally exposed to a silicate gradient. In two separate experiments we analysed (1) possible interactive effects of temperature and phosphorus supply and (2) the effect of four phosphorus levels and three silicate levels on algal sterol concentrations. We observed that sterol concentrations were higher at 25 C than at 10 C in S. quadricauda and C. meneghiniana, but were not affected by temperature in C. ovata. Interactive effects of temperature and phosphorus supply on sterol concentrations were found in C. meneghiniana. This presumably was due to the bioconversion of one sterol (24-methylenecholesterol) into another (22-dihydrobrassicasterol). Increasing phosphorus supply resulted in species-specific effects on sterol concentrations, viz. an optimum curve response in S. quadricauda, a saturation curve response in C. meneghiniana and no change in sterol concentration in C. ovata. Effects of silicate supply on the sterols of C. meneghiniana equalled the effects of phosphorus supply. Albeit we did not observe a general trend in the three phytoplankton species tested, we conclude that sterol concentrations of phytoplankton are strongly affected by temperature and nutrient supply. Interactive effects point out the importance of taking into account more than just one environmental factor when assessing the effects of environmentally induced changes on phytoplankton sterol concentrations.

show abstract

Dichloromethane as a Solvent for Lipid Extraction and Assessment of Lipid Classes and Fatty Acids from Samples of Different Natures

Cited by 254 publications

References 28 publications

Optimizing Cellulase Production from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) using Solid State Fermentation (SSF)

Optimizing Cellulase Production from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) using Solid State Fermentation (SSF)

Dietary history contributes to enterotype-like clustering and functional metagenomic content in the intestinal microbiome of wild mice

Phytoplankton sterol contents vary with temperature, phosphorus and silicate supply: a study on three freshwater species

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About