Diazepam and triazolam self-administration in sedative abusers: concordance of subject ratings, performance and drug self-administration

Roache, JD; Griffiths, R. R.

doi:10.1097/00004714-199004000-00015

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Self-report measures of drug liking and drug-induced euphoria have become hallmarks of abuse liability assessment Jasinski et al, 1984 ;Roache and Griffiths, 1989). Abuse liability studies typically add other measures of general mood state and specific expected target symptoms to establish an overall profile of drug effects .…”

Section: Experimental Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of acute topiramate dosing on methamphetamine-induced subjective mood

Johnson

Roache

Ait-Daoud

et al. 2006

Int. J. Neuropsychopharm.

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Clinical studies have shown that topiramate, a sulphamate-substituted fructopyranose derivative, might be an efficacious treatment for alcohol dependence, smoking cessation within an alcohol-dependent population, and cocaine dependence. Mechanistically, topiramate's therapeutic effects have been hypothesized to be due to inhibition of cortico-mesolimbic dopamine function, the primary substrate that governs the acquisition, maintenance, and reinstatement of goal-directed behaviour towards seeking abused drugs. Predicated on this hypothesis, we tested in 10 methamphetamine-dependent individuals (three females) whether low- or high-dose (15 or 30 mg i.v.) methamphetamine-induced positive subjective effects and reinforcement can be antagonized by low- or high-dose (100 or 200 mg orally) topiramate using a placebo-controlled, cross-over, factorial design. Methamphetamine administration was associated with orderly, prototypical, and significant increases on measures of stimulation, euphoria, craving, and reinforcement; however, some dysphoric symptoms also emerged. Topiramate alone showed a non-significant trend towards mild reductions in positive mood and reinforcement; yet topiramate appeared to accentuate the appreciation of methamphetamine-induced stimulation and euphoria significantly, but not craving or reinforcement. The experimental combination of topiramate and methamphetamine appeared to be safe and well tolerated, with few adverse events. Acute dosing with up to 200 mg topiramate appears to enhance, rather than attenuate, the positive subjective effects of methamphetamine. Perhaps this indicates a partial inhibition of methamphetamine's reinforcing effects. Thus, testing chronically administered or higher doses, or both, of topiramate would be necessary to determine conclusively whether or not it can attenuate the positive subjective and reinforcing effects of methamphetamine.

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Section: Experimental Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of acute topiramate dosing on methamphetamine-induced subjective mood

Johnson

Roache

Ait-Daoud

et al. 2006

Int. J. Neuropsychopharm.

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“…Table 2). These studies have demonstrated the reinforcing effects of alprazolam (Mumford et al 1995a,b), diazepam (Griffiths et al 1979(Griffiths et al , 1980b(Griffiths et al , 1984bRoache and Griffiths 1989), oxazepam (Griffiths et al 1984b) and Two studies of similar experimental design used a choice procedure to examine preference between triazolam and zolpiclone in alcoholic inpatients (Bechelli et al 1983;Boissl et al 1983). These studies have not been summarized in the Table because they did not provide interpretable information about drug reinforcement: they lacked a placebo control and results were not replicated across the two studies& / t b l .…”

Section: Reinforcing Effects Of Benzodiazepines In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies have not been summarized in the Table because they did not provide interpretable information about drug reinforcement: they lacked a placebo control and results were not replicated across the two studies& / t b l . b (Roache and Griffiths 1989;Silverman et al 1994;Roache et al 1995). Variations in dose have shown that higher benzodiazepine doses are usually associated with greater reinforcing effects than lower doses (Griffiths et al , 1979(Griffiths et al , 1984bMumford et al 1995a,b).…”

Section: Reinforcing Effects Of Benzodiazepines In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benzodiazepine self-administration in humans and laboratory animals - implications for problems of long-term use and abuse

1997

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Drug reinforcement may represent the primary behavioral-pharmacological mechanism underlying two types of problematic use of benzodiazepines--recreational abuse by polydrug abusers and inappropriate chronic use by patients. High dose polydrug abuse for the purpose of getting high is readily recognized as a significant social problem. Inappropriate chronic benzodiazepine use is more subtle but relatively common: for anxiolytics, 36% of past-year users (3% of the adult population in the US) report using these drugs for 4 consecutive months or longer. The risks of such long-term use are much better documented than the benefits. This paper provides a current review of various problems that have been identified with the long-term use and the recreational abuse of benzodiazepines, including memory impairment, risk of accidents, falls and hip fractures in the elderly, a withdrawal syndrome, brain damage, overuse in the elderly, overuse by chronic pain patients, overuse by alcoholics and recreational abuse among alcoholics and polydrug abusers. A comprehensive review of the literature on benzodiazepine reinforcing effects in humans and laboratory animals is also provided. Drug self-administration studies in humans and laboratory animals provide models of both types of problematic benzodiazepine use. Recreational abuse of benzodiazepines has been modeled in human research with polydrug abusers and in laboratory animal studies, which show that the reinforcing effect of benzodiazepines is intermediate relative to other sedative compounds and is increased in subjects with histories of previous sedative drug self-administration. The problem of inappropriate long-term use of benzodiazepines by people without histories of drug abuse has been partially modeled in human studies showing that benzodiazepines function as reinforcers in subjects with anxiety, insomnia, and histories of moderate alcohol consumption, and in preclinical studies showing stable, low-rate benzodiazepine self-injection with concurrent physical dependence under conditions of continuous availability. Both human and animal research suggests that the drug history and current behavioral context may be important in the establishment of benzodiazepines as reinforcers. Limited human and animal research provides little support for the common belief that physical dependence enhances benzodiazepine reinforcement.

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“…In these experiments the relative abuse or dependence liability of a drug is demonstrated when it is chosen reliably over placebo or an alternative reinforcer (Spiga & Roache, 1997). This research paradigm has been used to document the reinforcing effects of nicotine (Goldberg & Henningfield, 1988), ethanol (Griffiths, Bigelow, & Liebson, 1974), opioids (Preston & Jasinski, 1991), cocaine (Foltin & Fischman, 1992;Higgins, Bickel, & Hughes, 1994), methadone (Stitzer, McCaul, Bigelow, & Liebson, 1983), sedatives (Roache & Griffiths, 1989), and other drugs of abuse.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the relative reinforcement value of smoking and drinking using a multiple-choice measurement strategy

Schmitz¹,

Sayre²,

Hokanson³

et al. 2003

Nicotine & Tobacco Research

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To examine the relative reinforcement value of smoking and drinking, separately and in combination, a multiple-choice questionnaire was administered to 78 individuals seeking outpatient treatment for concurrent tobacco and alcohol dependence. Participants made choices between pairs of substances and then between each substance and a series of monetary values. Results demonstrated that the combination (one cigarette and one drink) was preferred over each individual substance. The mean crossover monetary points for a cigarette (8.1 US dollars) and a drink (10.8 US dollars) were significantly lower than for the combination (13.75 US dollars). Correlational analyses revealed positive associations between drug reinforcement values and dependence-related measures. The utility of this measurement strategy in understanding and treating polydrug use is discussed.

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Diazepam and triazolam self-administration in sedative abusers: concordance of subject ratings, performance and drug self-administration

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of acute topiramate dosing on methamphetamine-induced subjective mood

Effects of acute topiramate dosing on methamphetamine-induced subjective mood

Benzodiazepine self-administration in humans and laboratory animals - implications for problems of long-term use and abuse

Assessment of the relative reinforcement value of smoking and drinking using a multiple-choice measurement strategy

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