Diazepam and memory: retrograde facilitation produced by interference reduction

Hinrichs, James V.; Ghoneim, Mohammed M.; Mewaldt, Steven P.

doi:10.1007/bf00427439

Cited by 68 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Since the memory-impairing effects of BZs would be limited only to new information presented during a short critical period of time, one may question whether patients taking BZ medications chronically would suffer from or be aware of any effects on their memory. The recall of information learned prior to medication may be facilitated by diazepam (Hinrichs et al 1984). On the other hand, many patients take BZ medications several times daily, and the memory-impairing effect of BZs may have greater impact for certain kinds of patients, such as cardiac patients (Frazure-Smith and Rolicz-Woloszyk 1982) or the elderly (Salzman et al 1975).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic use of benzodiazepines and psychomotor and cognitive test performance

1986

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The performance of 43 long-term users (average = 5 years) of benzodiazepine (BZ) medications was examined on a battery of behavioral tasks, cognitive tests, and subjective mood rating scales. The performance of the chronic BZ users did not differ significantly from age- and sex-matched anxious subjects, except that critical flicker fusion (CFF) thresholds were lower and subjective ratings of tranquilization were higher in the BZ users. Twenty-two subjects were reexamined in order to determine the acute effects of BZ medications in long-term users. The acute administration of BZ medications significantly increased CFF thresholds, improved digit-symbol substitution test performance, impaired the delayed recall of verbal material, increased subjective ratings of tranquilization, and reduced physical sedation. Motor performance tests were not impaired and subjective feelings of sedation were not increased after the acute administration of BZs by chronic users. During withdrawal from long-term BZ use (17 subjects), CFF thresholds were elevated, subjective ratings of physical sedation and anxiety were increased, but performance on other psychomotor and cognitive tests was not altered. The results suggest that tolerance develops selectively to different behavioral and subjective effects of BZ medications with their continued use. Tolerance failed to develop to the antianxiety effects, the reduction of CFF threshold, and to the impairment of short-term memory caused by BZs. However, chronic users of BZ medications failed to demonstrate psychomotor-impairing or sedating effects to BZ medications. The results have implications for evaluating the safety of the long-term use of BZ medications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic use of benzodiazepines and psychomotor and cognitive test performance

1986

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“…Further more, amnestic effects of diazepam were also demon strated using a procedure that does not employ painful stimulation [30], Administration of benzodiazepine prior to training is more effective than the posttraining administration in inducing memory impairment [28,29,31,35]. In fact, there is evidence that diazepam can even produce retro grade facilitation of memory [29,36,37] (although, using a habituation task, posttrial administration of diazepam was found to be amnestic [38]). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amnesia after Diazepam Infusion into Basolateral But Not Central Amygdala of Rattus norvegicus

Tomaz²

1995

Neuropsychobiology

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Recent findings indicate that the memory-impairing effects of benzodiazepines may preferentially involve the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala. To test this hypothesis we examined the effects on pretrial injection of diazepam into the central as compared to the lateral/basolateral amygdaloid nuclei on memory for a conditioned avoidance response. Rats were implanted bilaterally with cannulae directed to either the central or lateral/basolateral amygdaloid nuclei. Five to 7 days later they were trained on a multitrial inhibitory avoidance (step-down) task to criterion and tested 48 h later. Fifteen minutes before training they were given an injection of either vehicle or diazepam (0.7 or 1.4 nmol) into the central or lateral/basolateral nuclei. Administration of diazepam into the lateral/basolateral nuclei but not the central nucleus induced anterograde amnesia. These results add to the body of data linking the GABA-benzodiaze-pine system of the lateral/basolateral nuclei to the amnestic effects induced by peripheral as well as central administration of benzodiazepines.

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“…Only in one study, BUS compared to diazepam (DZP) showed similar effects on self-rated sedation, but with less impairment to psychological performance [9], Despite its apparent lack of cognitive side effects, it is not known whether BUS is able to alter memory pro cesses, as do most BZDs. Recent studies have shown that BZDs may impair acquisition processes [10], decrease the delayed recall of words [11] and affect recognition [12], while inducing a facilitation of retrograde (predrug) memory [13]. Since the amnestic effects of BZD do not appear to be related to sedation [14,15], doses [16,17] or disrupted perception [12], these effects should be looked for in other anxiolytic agents, even those devoid of sedative effects like BUS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Buspirone and Diazepam: Comparison of Subjective, Psychomotor and Biological Effects

et al. 1989

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The effects of oral buspirone (BUS, 10 mg) and diazepam (DZP, 10 mg) were studied in 12 healthy women volunteers using subjective ratings, objective tests of psychomotor and cognitive functions and urinary dosage of catecholamine output. Drugs were randomly administered to the same subjects, in a crossover, double-blind study, each drug administration being separated by at least 1 week. BUS subjective effects were less severe than those of DZP and not accompanied by feelings of sleepiness that characterized DZP sedative effects. Furthermore, BUS did not impair psychomotor functioning while DZP induced both an impairment of central sensory processing and, to a lesser extent, an impairment in delayed memory.

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Diazepam and memory: retrograde facilitation produced by interference reduction

Cited by 68 publications

References 13 publications

Chronic use of benzodiazepines and psychomotor and cognitive test performance

Chronic use of benzodiazepines and psychomotor and cognitive test performance

Amnesia after Diazepam Infusion into Basolateral But Not Central Amygdala of Rattus norvegicus

Buspirone and Diazepam: Comparison of Subjective, Psychomotor and Biological Effects

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