Diatoms, Biomineralization Processes, and Genomics

Hildebrand, Mark

doi:10.1021/cr078253z

Cited by 371 publications

(338 citation statements)

References 170 publications

(494 reference statements)

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“…12b) [89,114,115]. The teeth themselves mineralize in a four-step process: (1) forming a pure chitin scaffold tooth, (2) precipitating crystals of an intermediate and Adapted from: (a) [118], (b) [79], (c) [124]. [127], (c) [128].…”

Section: Mollusk Shellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diatoms, commonly found throughout the ocean, produce rigid external cell walls (or exoskeletons) formed from hydrated amorphous silica and range in diameters from 10-150 μm [117,118]. Despite their often microscopic size, the sheer biomass of diatoms causes them to account for 40% of the primary production of carbon [119] and the majority of biogenic silica (silica transformed from dissolved silicate into skeletal material) [120] in the oceans.…”

Section: Diatom and Coccolithophore Exoskeletonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structure and mechanical properties of selected protective systems in marine organisms

Naleway

Taylor

Porter

et al. 2016

Materials Science and Engineering: C

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Section: Mollusk Shellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diatom and Coccolithophore Exoskeletonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and mechanical properties of selected protective systems in marine organisms

Naleway

Taylor

Porter

et al. 2016

Materials Science and Engineering: C

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“…In order to mimic frustule conditions, 6,14 we have performed the reactions in circulating silica solutions on chitosan flakes blocked in a part of the system in order to favour a certain confining effect (see ESIw). Summarized in Table 1 are the main parameters concerning syntheses of some selected bulk and mesoporous samples.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomimetic chitosan-mediated synthesis in heterogeneous phase of bulk and mesoporous silica nanoparticles

et al. 2009

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Both bulk and mesoporous silica nanoparticles can be obtained in the form of granular aggregates using chitosan flakes as additive under very soft biomimetic reaction conditions.Biomineralization, that is the formation under extremely soft conditions of complex hierarchical inorganic materials by biological systems, is an exciting research field of increasing interest. 1 Indeed, while technological silica production usually requires vigorous conditions at high pH, 2 certain marine organisms and some higher plants are capable of forming silica skeletons under mild temperature and pressure conditions at circumneutral pH. 1,3,4 Such in vivo processes generating intricate silica nano and macro-scale patterns are speciesspecific, presumably encoded in the genome; 5-7 the possibility of controlling them in the laboratory remains a long-term major challenge. Notwithstanding, there have been different biomolecules identified like silicatein, silaffin and polyamines, which can play key roles in the hydrolysis, condensation and aggregation of the silica species. 3,4,8 Silica is widely used in industry, medicine and nanotechnology in a huge variety of forms. 2,7,9 This, coupled with the insufficiency of natural products of adequate purity and the scientific interest, justifies the search for bioinspired synthesis 8,10 leading to new silica-based materials with simple hierarchical structures or, at least, allowing silica production under soft-conditions (low-cost strategies). Then, inspired by nature, a variety of reagents have been added to check in vitro silicification processes in solution. 11,12 These additives, which intend to mimic the active natural molecules, can play different roles: catalysts, aggregation promoting reagents or structural directing agents. Otherwise, silicatein, silaffin and polyamines have been identified as constituents of the axial filaments in sponges and the cell walls in diatoms. 3,8,9 Although this fact strongly suggests that they process silica in the heterogeneous phase, as far as we know, there is no information about in vitro processes carried out under this conditioning (i.e. on the role of solid phase additives).Here we show how using solid flakes of chitosan (a commercial and low-cost biopolymer present in the shells of crustaceans and the cell walls of fungi and yeast, as well as in squid pens) 13 as additive, it is possible to promote silica polymerization and aggregation in the heterogeneous phase at room temperature, neutral pH and silica concentrations as low as those occurring in sea water or inside the diatom frustules. Our procedural approach leads to bulk biosilica nanoparticles or, alternatively, to similar mesoporous architectures when structural directing agents (SDA) are also added.In order to mimic frustule conditions, 6,14 we have performed the reactions in circulating silica solutions on chitosan flakes blocked in a part of the system in order to favour a certain confining effect (see ESIw). Summarized in Table 1 are the main parameters concerning syntheses of some sel...

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“…Biological organisms are able to take up silicon from the environment in soluble form as silicic acid, store it in cell and catalyze its polymerization into silica with precise structure architecture down to nanoscale (Hildebrand, 2008). Among these processes, self-assembled organic matrix has been assumed to play key roles for directing the biosilicification in diatoms, sponges and higher plants (Perry & Keeling-Tucker, 2000;Schröder et al, 2008).…”

Section: Biosilica Formation Mediated With Self-assembled Organic Matrixmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning from Biosilica: Nanostructured Silicas and Their Coatings on Substrates by Programmable Approaches

Jin¹,

Yuan²

2011

Advances in Biomimetics

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Diatoms, Biomineralization Processes, and Genomics

Cited by 371 publications

References 170 publications

Structure and mechanical properties of selected protective systems in marine organisms

Structure and mechanical properties of selected protective systems in marine organisms

Biomimetic chitosan-mediated synthesis in heterogeneous phase of bulk and mesoporous silica nanoparticles

Learning from Biosilica: Nanostructured Silicas and Their Coatings on Substrates by Programmable Approaches

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