Diatom Response to Extremely Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields

Parkinson, W. C.; Sulik, Gregory L.

doi:10.2307/3578377

Cited by 38 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…They infer that the observed biological responses under ICR conditions result from changes in transport through transmembrane ion channels. However, attempts at careful replication with attention to experimental detail have failed to confirm the original experimental reports on diatoms or other experiments based on ICR (e.g., see Reese et al, 1991;Prasad et al, 1991;Parkinson et al, 1992).…”

Section: Ion Cyclotron Resonance Ocr)mentioning

confidence: 92%

HVDC power transmission environmental issues review

Bailey¹,

Weil²,

Stewart³

1997

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Thii report has been reproduced directly from the best available copy. Available to the public from the National Technical Information Servii, U.S. Department of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Rd., Springfield, VA 22 16 1.This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nof any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal l i b i l i i or responsibili for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disdosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights.Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. DISCLAIMER IntroductionEnvironmental issues are addressed in the permitting process of every transmission line project, whether it be a new line or an upgrade of an existing line. In recent years, the most controversial issue associated with alternating current lines is the potential effects of electromagnetic fields on human health. However, environmental effects on animals, plant life and other electrical and communication systems also must be assessed in every case. Although different from ac lines, high voltage direct current (HVDC) lines also produce environmental effects that warrant review and assessment in every project. This report strives to define the various environmental effects associated with HVDC lines, discusses the current knowledge of their potential effects on biological and non-biological systems, and compares these effects associated with ac lines where appropriate. The Environment Near an Electric Power LineThe electrical environment of a high voltage transmission line can be characterized by three electrical parameters: 1) the electric field, 2) the air ion and charged aerosol concentration, and 3) the magnetic field. The electric field arises from both the electric charge on the conductors and for an HVDC transmission l i e , charges on air ions and aerosols surrounding the conductor.In addition, corona may also produce low levels of ozone, audible noise, electric field and radio interference. A magnetic field is produced by current flowing through the conductors. Summary of Key FindingsIons. Neither the animal nor human studies provide any reliable evidence for the proposition that air ions produce any harmful effects. In fact, there is considerable uncertainty as to whether there are any biological responses to air ions. At the levels produced by HVDC transmission lines, the possibility of risk to human health appears remote, if not vanishingly small. There are no published guidelines for maximum ex...

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Section: Ion Cyclotron Resonance Ocr)mentioning

confidence: 92%

HVDC power transmission environmental issues review

Bailey¹,

Weil²,

Stewart³

1997

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“…These include the ELF field effects on diatom mobility, which could not be reproduced by Parkinson and Sulik [1992], and attempts to reproduce calcium uptake results were unsuccessful as well [Prasad et al, 19911. Although no effects attributable to the ELF field exposures were found in our experiments, our results emphasize the importance of environmental control in ELF studies and, also, the importance of carrying out sham exposures even when the test population can be measured and characterized noninvasively prior to the ELF exposures. Inadequate environmental control can easily lead to false-positive findings and may equally well mask actual effects due to the agent being tested, especially if they are small (and the ELF-induced effects reported are often small).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3T3 cell motility and morphology before, during, and after exposure to extremely‐low‐frequency magnetic fields

Spadinger¹,

Agnew²,

Palcic³

1995

Bioelectromagnetics

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Automated image cytometry techniques were used to measure motility and morphology in 3T3 fibroblasts exposed to extremely-low-frequency (ELF) magnetic fields. Cell motility and morphology were measured as a function of time before, during, and after 3-4 hour exposures to vertically oriented, 100 microTRMS sinusoidal magnetic fields at various frequencies in the 10-63 Hz range. Sham exposures were also carried out. No static DC fields were applied, but the geomagnetic field was almost vertical and, therefore, had a large component (28.3 microT) parallel to the applied AC field. The morphology and motile behavior of the cells were characterized by mathematically defined descriptors, which were calculated and averaged for the exposure period as well as for control periods that preceded and followed the exposure period. Each experiment involved the tracking of 100 cells that were subjected to one of the test frequencies (unless a sham exposure was being conducted). Statistical analysis of the results showed that even small changes of 10-20% could be significant at the P < .05 level. Changes on this order were measured in a significant proportion of the experiments. However, because such results were seen for both the sham-exposed and the ELF-exposed cells, and because the range of values that was obtained for the sham exposures was the same as that obtained for the ELF exposures, we concluded that there was no evidence to show that any of the measured changes were attributable to the applied ELF magnetic field.

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“…These proposals are based on experiments that show effects for specific frequencies and combinations of ELF and static fields [e.g., Lednev, 1991;Jenrow et al, 1995;Blackman et al, 1996;Trillo, 1996], although attempts to replicate some of these results have not succeeded [e.g., Parkinson and Sulik, 1992]. The proposed mechanisms state that transition rates between quantum mechanical states may be altered through resonance mechanisms occurring in narrow frequency bands, so that the noise level that needs to be exceeded will be lower.…”

Section: Frequency-selective Resonance Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%