Diatom distributions in northern North Pacific surface sediments and their relationship to modern environmental variables

Ren, Jian; Gersonde, Rainer; Esper, Oliver; Sancetta, Constance

doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.03.008

Cited by 81 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…This included additional extinct Pliocene species to those listed by Barron (1992) such as Nitzschia miocenica, Rhizosolenia praebergonii, Thalassiosira miocenica, and Thalassiosira praeconvexa as Xw and Actinocyclus oculatus, Proboscia curvirostris, and Thalassiosira nidulus as Xc. Thalassiosira oestrupii is converted from warm-water species in Td′ ratio to Xt in Twt because T. oestrupii prefers a relatively cooler environment (e.g., Ren et al 2014).…”

Section: Diatomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pliocene to recent history of the Kuroshio and Tsushima Currents: a multi-proxy approach

Gallagher

Kitamura

Iryu

et al. 2015

Prog. in Earth and Planet. Sci.

159

121

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The Kuroshio Current is a major western boundary current controlled by the North Pacific Gyre. It brings warm subtropical waters from the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool to Japan exerting a major control on Asian climate. The Tsushima Current is a Kuroshio offshoot transporting warm water into the Japan Sea. Various proxies are used to determine the paleohistory of these currents. Sedimentological proxies such as reefs, bedforms, sediment source and sorting reveal paleocurrent strength and latitude. Proxies such as coral and mollusc assemblages reveal past shelfal current activity. Microfossil assemblages and organic/inorganic geochemical analyses determine paleo-sea surface temperature and salinity histories. Transportation of tropical palynomorphs and migrations of Indo-Pacific species to Japanese waters also reveal paleocurrent activity. The stratigraphic distribution of these proxies suggests the Kuroshio Current reached its present latitude (35°N) by~3 Ma when temperatures were 1 to 2°C lower than present. At this time a weak Tsushima Current broke through Tsushima Strait entering the Japan Sea. Similar oceanic conditions persisted until~2 Ma when crustal stretching deepened the Tsushima Strait allowing inflow during every interglacial. The onset of stronger interglacial/glacial cycles~1 Ma was associated with increased North Pacific Gyre and Kuroshio Current intensity. This triggered Ryukyu Reef expansion when reefs reached their present latitude (~31°N), thereafter the reef front advanced (~31°N) and retreated (~25°N) with each cycle. Foraminiferal proxy data suggests eastward deflection of the Kuroshio Current from its present path at 24°N into the Pacific Ocean due to East Taiwan Channel restriction during the Last Glacial Maximum. Subsequently Kuroshio flow resumed its present trajectory during the Holocene. Ocean modeling and geochemical proxies show that the Kuroshio Current path may have been similar during glacials and interglacials, however the glacial mode of this current remains controversial. Paleohistorical studies form important analogues for current behavior with future climate change, however, there are insufficient studies at present in the region that may be used for this purpose. Modeling of the response of the Kuroshio Current to future global warming reveals that current velocity may increase by up to 0.3 m/sec associated with a northward migration of the Kuroshio Extension.

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Section: Diatomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pliocene to recent history of the Kuroshio and Tsushima Currents: a multi-proxy approach

Gallagher

Kitamura

Iryu

et al. 2015

Prog. in Earth and Planet. Sci.

159

121

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“…The general surface circulation to the south of the Subarctic Front is dominated by the northern part of the North Pacific Gyre, including the Kuroshio Current, the Kuroshio Extension and the North Pacific Current. The Subarctic Gyre consists of two subgyres, the Alaska Gyre in the east and the Western Subarctic Gyre in the west (Dodimead et al 1963;Ren et al 2014). In the Aleutian forearc area, the water circulation is dominated by the Alaskan Stream, the Alaska Current, and segments that splay out northwards into the Bering Sea (Naidu et al 1995).…”

Section: K a M C H A T K Amentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This project seeks to fill gaps in palaeo-oceanographic knowledge in a sector of the world ocean critical for deciphering past and present global climate changes. Findings on modern and Quaternary sediment records based on an integrated approach merging traditional and novel methods can be found in several recent publications (Méheust et al 2013(Méheust et al , 2016Kuehn et al 2014;Ren et al 2014;Serno et al 2014;Maier et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modern modes of provenance and dispersal of terrigenous sediments in the North Pacific and Bering Sea: implications and perspectives for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions

et al. 2016

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During expedition 202 aboard the RV Sonne in 2009, 39 seafloor surface sediment sites were sampled over a wide sector of the North Pacific and adjoining Bering Sea. The data served to infer land-ocean linkages of terrigenous sediment supply in terms of major sources and modes of sediment transport within an over-regional context. This is based on an integrated approach dealing with grain-size analysis, bulk mineralogy and clay mineralogy in combination with statistical data evaluation (end-member modelling of grainsize data, fuzzy cluster analysis of mineralogical data). The findings on clay mineralogy served to update those of earlier work extracted from the literature. Today, two processes of terrigenous sediment supply prevail in the study area: fardistance aeolian sediment supply to the pelagic North Pacific, and hemipelagic sediment dispersal from nearby land sources via ocean currents along the continental margins and island arcs. Aeolian particles show the finest grain sizes (clay and fine silt), whereas hemipelagic sediments have high abundances of coarse silt. Exposed sites on seamounts and the continental slope are partly swept by strong currents, leading to residual enrichment of fine sand. Four sediment sources can be distinguished on the basis of distinct index minerals revealed by statistical data analysis: dust plumes from central Asia (quartz, illite), altered materials from the volcanic regions of Kamchatka and the Aleutian Arc (smectite), detritus from the Alaskan Cordillera (chlorite, hornblende), and fluvial detritus from far-eastern Siberia and the Alaska mainland (quartz, feldspar, illite). These findings confirm those of former studies but considerably expand the geographic range of this suite of proxies as far south as 39°N in the open North Pacific. The present integrated methodological approach proved useful in identifying the major modern processes of terrigenous sediment supply to the study region. This aspect deserves attention in the selection of sediment core sites for future palaeoenvironmental reconstructions related to aeolian and glacial dynamics, as well as the recognition of palaeoocean circulation patterns in general.

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“…Modern forms are most commonly found in tropical or warm water regions (Round et al, 1990) although Stephanopyxis turris shows a wide temperature tolerance range (Ren et al 2014). Stephanopyxis palmeriana has been sampled at a depth of 100 m in the Sargasso Sea and cultures were found to grow at ~2% light levels (Goldman, 1993) and it was suggested that substantial production could be maintained through the sustained exploitation of nutrients periodically injected at depth.…”

Section: Stephanopyxis Ehrenbergmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Cretaceous seasonal palaeoclimatology and diatom palaeoecology from laminated sediments

Davies

Kemp

2016

Cretaceous Research

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Laminated diatom-rich marine sediments from California and the Arctic Ocean provide a window into the seasonal climate and oceanography of the mid-and high-latitude Late Cretaceous. These remarkable shallow-buried sediments constitute palaeo-sediment traps that record exceptionally well-preserved sequential biogenic and lithogenic flux events. Many of the diatom laminae are composed of a few dominant taxa, and we use a species-based approach for palaeoecological interpretation. Contrary to many earlier interpretations, results indicate that both sites preserve a major flux of taxa adapted to exploit a strongly stratified ocean. The uppermost Maastrichtian Marca Shale of California records a seasonal cycle initiated with a spring bloom flux of diatom resting spores followed by a summer lithogenic sediment input likely driven by monsoonal storms providing river runoff and aeolian input. This is followed by a dominant diatom flux of species that thrived in the summer stratification in deep chlorophyll maxima and were sedimented in the fall when this stratification broke down. Dominant taxa comprising this group include Hemiaulus, Stephanopyxis, Stellarima and Rhizosolenia. The uppermost Campanian CESAR 6 core from the Arctic Alpha Ridge, records a spring bloom flux of resting spores followed by a more dominant summer and fall flux of diatom vegetative cells which were likely concentrated in subsurface summer blooms that generated a "summer export pulse" and by the breakdown of stratification in the fall that gave massive flux of deep chlorophyll maxima species in the fall dump. The dominance and diversity of Hemiaulus in the CESAR 6 core together with widespread evidence of N 2 -fixation may indicate that some diatom blooms were powered by intracellular N 2 -fixing cyanobacteria as in the modern oligotrophic ocean. Thin lenses of fine lithogenic sediment that occur mostly in the spring layer represent rafting by winter sea ice and support other evidence that suggests intermittent winter freezing in the Late Cretaceous Arctic.Keywords: Late Cretaceous; Diatom blooms; Paleoecology; California; Arctic; Sea Ice 3 1.Introduction Laminated pelagic and hemipelagic marine sediments often constitute "palaeosediment traps" that preserve sequential flux events from which the ancient seasonal flux cycle may be reconstructed. They commonly preserve both the biogenic flux events from surface ocean productivity and also the terrigenous sediment input common in hemipelagic or marginal settings. Within rare, exceptionally well-preserved Cretaceous sediments, fossil diatom algae record the seasonal cycle of marine production and flux to the sea bed. In the modern ocean diatom algae are the dominant, bloom-forming phytoplankton in many environments and are key players in the marine biological carbon pump. The relative contribution of diatoms to total primary production has been estimated to range from 35% in the oligotrophic oceans to 75% in the coastal zone and in the Antarctic (Nelson et al., 1995), while their contribution...

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Diatom distributions in northern North Pacific surface sediments and their relationship to modern environmental variables

Cited by 81 publications

References 79 publications

The Pliocene to recent history of the Kuroshio and Tsushima Currents: a multi-proxy approach

The Pliocene to recent history of the Kuroshio and Tsushima Currents: a multi-proxy approach

Modern modes of provenance and dispersal of terrigenous sediments in the North Pacific and Bering Sea: implications and perspectives for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions

Late Cretaceous seasonal palaeoclimatology and diatom palaeoecology from laminated sediments

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