Diatom distribution in Southern Ocean surface sediments (Atlantic sector): Implications for paleoenvironmental reconstructions

Zielinski, Ulrich; Gersonde, Rainer

doi:10.1016/s0031-0182(96)00130-7

Cited by 252 publications

(238 citation statements)

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“…The extant diatom assemblage is divided into four environmental groupings: 1) sea iceaffiliated species; 2) open ocean, ice-tolerant species; 3) open ocean, ice-intolerant species; and 4) subantarctic open ocean species. Ecological designations follow the comprehensive three part biogeographic investigation of Armand et al (2005), Crosta et al (2005), and Romero et al (2005), with constraints for two additional species from Zielinski and Gersonde (1997) and Armand (1997) (Fig. 6).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eucampia antarctica has a more cosmopolitan distribution in the Southern Ocean (e.g., Esper et al, 2010) and is excluded from the Armand et al (2005) sea ice species group. However, the species is considered here, with ecological constraints from Zielinski and Gersonde (1997), for consistency with reconstructions of AND-1B cool intervals in the early Pliocene (Chow, Figure 6. Summary of environments associated with AND-1B late Pliocene diatom assemblages: A) Lithologic log and relative abundance of diatoms, grouped by ecological affinity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4, Table 2). Temperature ranges and preferences for Chaetoceros resting spores and sea ice-affiliated species after Armand et al (2005), except E. antarctica, which comes from Zielinski and Gersonde (1997). Temperature ranges and preferences for open ocean species after Crosta et al (2005), where species marked with an asterisk (*) are members of broader taxon groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Diatom evidence for the onset of Pliocene cooling from AND-1B, McMurdo Sound, Antarctica

Riesselman

Dunbar

2013

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Diatom evidence for the onset of Pliocene cooling from AND-1B, McMurdo Sound, Antarctica

Riesselman

Dunbar

2013

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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“…Fragilariopsis kerguelensis contributes up to 90% of the diatom frustules in the diatom ooze making up the Antarctic opal belt (Zielinski & Gersonde, 1997), which is the largest deposit of biogenic silica in the world ocean (Treguer et al, 1995). Therefore, F. kerguelensis is one of the most important diatoms in the global silicon cycle (Zielinski & Gersonde, 1997) and an indicator species of a silica-sinking regime in an otherwise iron-limited ecosystem (Smetacek et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic characterization and life cycle of the diatomFragilariopsis kerguelensis

Fuchs

Scalco

Kooistra

et al. 2013

European Journal of Phycology

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The planktonic diatom Fragilariopsis kerguelensis plays an important role in the biogeochemical cycles of the Southern Ocean, where remains of its frustules form the largest deposit of biogenic silica anywhere in the world. We assessed the genetic identity of 26 strains, from cells collected at various sites in the Southern Ocean, using three molecular markers, LSU and ITS rDNA and rbcL. The LSU sequences were identical among the tested strains, ITS sequences were highly similar, and only one base pair difference was detected among the rbcL sequences. These results, together with a large number of successful mating experiments demonstrated that the strains belong to a single biological species. We investigated the mating system and life cycle traits of F. kerguelensis. Cell size diminished gradually in clonal strains. Gamete formation only occurred when strains of opposite mating type -within a cell size range of 7-36 µm -were mixed together. Two binucleate gametes were formed in each gametangium and gamete conjugation produced a zygote that had four nuclei and was surrounded by thin siliceous scales. Two out of the four nuclei subsequently degenerated and the zygote expanded to form an auxospore surrounded by a transverse and a longitudinal perizonium. Staining with the fluorochrome PDMPO provided for the first time a clear demonstration that the longitudinal perizonium is formed after auxospore expansion is complete. Initial cells produced within the mature auxospores were 78-101 µm in length. Various authors have shown that the average valve size of F. kerguelensis varies in sediment samples collected in regions and seasons with different primary production regimes and this parameter has thus been proposed as a biological proxy for palaeoproductivity. A better understanding of the life cycle of F. kerguelensis should help the design of future investigations aimed at testing the link between cell size distribution in the natural environment and the role that environmental factors might have in the regulation of population cell size.

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“…Within diatoms, the most abundant and widespread species in the surface sediments is, by far, F. kerguelensis, an endemic Southern Ocean species whose abundance reaches up to 90% of the total diatom assemblage [11]. A possible influence of nutrients content on the morphology of F. kerguelensis was first mentioned in [12], who indicates the possibility of a separate variety (F. kerguelensis var.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphometric variability in the diatom Fragilariopsis kerguelensis: Implications for Southern Ocean paleoceanography

Cortese

Gersonde

2007

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

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Diatoms play a central role in the ecosystem of the Southern Ocean, where they represent the main producers and carriers of organic carbon and dissolved silicon towards the deep ocean. Variability in space and time of the size of the most abundant species (Fragilariopsis kerguelensis) may directly impact the way this ecosystem functions, and also affect the nutrient balance of the global ocean, as important water masses (e.g. the Antarctic Intermediate Water) get their nutrient signature in this area. We used a biometric approach and analyzed the size variability of F. kerguelensis valves in sixty-four surface sediment samples from the Southern Ocean, in sediment trap samples from a mooring (Site PF3) at the Antarctic Polar Front (APF), and along a nearby piston core (PS1654-2). The average length and valve area of F. kerguelensis displayed a distinct increase in the proximity of the APF, and lower values to the north and south of it, and also changed markedly over seasonal cycles, as diatom blooms and nutrient availability waxe and wane. The last glacial to interglacial transition also witnesses important changes in the general shape and valve size of F. kerguelensis, with specimens from glacial intervals being ca. 30% larger than their interglacial counterparts (195 versus 150 μm 2 valve area). A sharp peak in average area and a very specific valve morphology correspond to the first signs of deglaciation and concurring SST (Sea Surface Temperature) increase and sea-ice retreat. The latter, together with melting icebergs, may have contributed dissolved iron to surface waters. The highest average sizes during glacial intervals are higher than what found anywhere in the Southern Ocean today. The newly proposed proxy (valve area and shape of F. kerguelensis) may thus prove useful for the reconstruction of the past position and nutrient characteristics of the APF and "opal belt", a region characterized by high production and export of biogenic silica, in a particularly sensitive and dynamic area such as the Southern Ocean.

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Diatom distribution in Southern Ocean surface sediments (Atlantic sector): Implications for paleoenvironmental reconstructions

Cited by 252 publications

References 61 publications

Diatom evidence for the onset of Pliocene cooling from AND-1B, McMurdo Sound, Antarctica

Diatom evidence for the onset of Pliocene cooling from AND-1B, McMurdo Sound, Antarctica

Genetic characterization and life cycle of the diatomFragilariopsis kerguelensis

Morphometric variability in the diatom Fragilariopsis kerguelensis: Implications for Southern Ocean paleoceanography

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