Diastolic Heart Failure Demystified*

A novel mechanism of heart failure with normal ejection fraction

“…Although, stroke volume is the same in controls and both HFNEF and patients with heart failure with a low ejection fraction,7 there is a reduction in stroke volume in the early precompensated stage during pulmonary oedema in patients with HFNEF 27…”

Blood dendritic cell levels and phenotypic characteristics in relation to etiology of end-stage heart failure: Implications for dilated cardiomyopathy

“…Cardiac endothelium activation and neurohumoral dysregulation are known to promote chronic immune activation and to induce impaired diastolic distensibility and cardiac stiffness in end-stage HF [38]. Longer mean HF duration and deterioration of cardiac output in the NYHA III-IV group, may account for a higher state of immune activation in relation to systolic dysfunction [39].…”

An alternative approach to understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of chronic heart failure

“…Stroke volume is also reduced in acute exacerbations of HFPEF [73]. In the early stages heart rate is typically increased to normalize cardiac output (Fig.…”