Diarrhoea of nutritional origin

Roy, J. H. B.

doi:10.1079/pns19690027

Cited by 30 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Probably, the MT treatment resulted in a higher osmotic pressure and subsequent greater passage rate and therefore resulted in a decreased daily gain. There was a strong positive correlation between faecal DM content and pH, which corresponds with previous findings in milk-fed calves (Roy, 1969). The decrease in faecal pH with increasing inclusion level indicates the increase in fermentative degradation of SP.…”

Section: Generalsupporting

confidence: 89%

A titration approach to identify the capacity for starch digestion in milk-fed calves

Gilbert

Borne

Berends

et al. 2015

Animal

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Calf milk replacers (MR) commonly contain 40% to 50% lactose. For economic reasons, starch is of interest as a lactose replacer. Compared with lactose, starch digestion is generally low in calves. It is, however, unknown which enzyme limits the rate of starch digestion. The objectives were to determine which enzyme limits starch digestion and to assess the maximum capacity for starch digestion in milk-fed calves. A within-animal titration study was performed, where lactose was exchanged stepwise for one of four starch products (SP). The four corn-based SP differed in size and branching, therefore requiring different ratios of starch-degrading enzymes for their complete hydrolysis to glucose: gelatinised starch (α-amylase and (iso)maltase); maltodextrin ((iso)maltase and α-amylase); maltodextrin with α-1,6-branching (isomaltase, maltase and α-amylase) and maltose (maltase). When exceeding the animal's capacity to enzymatically hydrolyse starch, fermentation occurs, leading to a reduced faecal dry matter (DM) content and pH. Forty calves (13 weeks of age) were assigned to either a lactose control diet or one of four titration strategies (n = 8 per treatment), each testing the stepwise exchange of lactose for one SP. Dietary inclusion of each SP was increased weekly by 3% at the expense of lactose and faecal samples were collected from the rectum weekly to determine DM content and pH. The increase in SP inclusion was stopped when faecal DM content dropped below 10.6% (i.e. 75% of the average initial faecal DM content) for 3 consecutive weeks. For control calves, faecal DM content and pH did not change over time. For 87% of the SP-fed calves, faecal DM and pH decreased already at low inclusion levels, and linear regression provided a better fit of the data (faecal DM content or pH v. time) than non-linear regression. For all SP treatments, faecal DM content and pH decreased in time (P < 0.001) and slopes for faecal DM content and pH in time differed from CON; P < 0.001 for all SP), but did not differ between SP treatments. Faecal DM content of SP-fed calves decreased by 0.57% and faecal pH by 0.32 per week. In conclusion, faecal DM content and pH sensitively respond to incremental inclusion of SP in calf MR, independently of SP characteristics. All SP require maltase to achieve complete hydrolysis to glucose. We therefore suggest that maltase activity limits starch digestion and that fermentation may contribute substantially to total tract starch disappearance in milk-fed calves.Keywords: milk-fed calf, starch digestion, starch fermentation, maltose, maltodextrin ImplicationsCalf milk replacers commonly contain 40% to 50% lactose. Lactose is expensive compared with starch, but digestibility is lower for starch than for lactose. It is currently unknown which enzyme is rate limiting for starch digestion. The current study suggests that maltase limits starch digestion in milk-fed calves, indicating that a major part of the starch will undergo fermentation rather than enzymatic hydrolysis. This leads to a lower faecal q...

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Section: Generalsupporting

confidence: 89%

A titration approach to identify the capacity for starch digestion in milk-fed calves

Gilbert

Borne

Berends

et al. 2015

Animal

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“…Results of this study confirmed earlier reports (Gorrill and Thomas, 1967b;Gorrill et al, 1967 (Roy, 1969 (Gonill and Nicholson, 1969) and intestinal digesta when milk replacer was fed may also affect apparent nitrogen digestion.…”

Section: Sbti and Diarrheasupporting

confidence: 82%

EFFECT OF SOYBEAN TRYPSIN INHIBITOR, DIARRHEA AND DIET ON FLOW RATE, pH, PROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES, AND NITROGEN FRACTIONS IN CALF INTESTINAL DIGESTA

Gorrill¹,

Nicholson²

1971

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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“…However, as gastrointestinal disorders accounted for 44.9% of deaths recorded in a British survey of 350 post mortems on young calves (Roy 1969), it is apparent that a serious effort to minimise the incidence of diarrhoea is economically desirable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilisation of buttermilk powder and tallow by young calves

Betteridge¹,

Davey²,

Holmes³

1976

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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Twelve young Friesian bull calves. were individually fed for 6 weeks on one of three diets containing buttermilk powder (BMP): (i) a low energy diet (Low) to provide for 0.45 kg live-weight gain (LWG) /dav: (ii) a diet isonitrogenous to (i) of BMP supplemented with beef tallow to provide for 0.68 kg LWG/day (High Tallow); (iii) an isoenergetic diet to Iii) consisting of BMP alone to provide for 0.68 kg LWG/day (High). Energy and nitrogen (N) balance techniques were used to study the utilisation of tallow as a supplementary source of dietary energy. Tallow supplementation reduced the incidence and severity of diarrhoea. There were no treatment effects on the apparent digestibilities of gross energy, N, or ether extract (EE), the average coefficients being 94.9%, 91.1 %, and 93.5% respectively. DIgestibility of EE increased from 91.7% at 3 weeks to 95.0% at 6 weeks, (P < 0.01). Live-weight gains were not significantly affected by treatments. Gross energy intake and energy retention (measured by indirect calorimetery) by the calves were in the order High ;= High Tallow > Low (P < 0.01). The pooled efficiency of utilisation of metabolisable energy (ME) above maintenance was 78% and the estimated requirement for maintenance was 0.556 MJ MEl (kg 0·75. day). Nitrogen intake was in the order High> High Tallow = Low (P < 0.01), whereas N retention was in the order High> High Tallow > Low (P < 0.05). Percentage of digested N retained was significantly higher in High Tallow than in the other two treatments (P < 0.01).

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Diarrhoea of nutritional origin

Cited by 30 publications

References 20 publications

A titration approach to identify the capacity for starch digestion in milk-fed calves

A titration approach to identify the capacity for starch digestion in milk-fed calves

EFFECT OF SOYBEAN TRYPSIN INHIBITOR, DIARRHEA AND DIET ON FLOW RATE, pH, PROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES, AND NITROGEN FRACTIONS IN CALF INTESTINAL DIGESTA

Utilisation of buttermilk powder and tallow by young calves

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