Diarrheal Disease during Operation Desert Shield

Hyams, Kenneth C.; Bourgeois, A. Louis; Merrell, B R; Rozmajzl, Patrick J.; Escamilla, Joel; Thornton, Scott A.; Wasserman, Glenn M.; Burke, Arlene; Echeverria, Peter; Green, Kim Y.; Kapikian, Albert Z.; Woody, James N.

doi:10.1056/nejm199111143252006

Cited by 240 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 36 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

123

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Studies of diarrhoeal disease in American troops deployed in Saudi Arabia in late 1990 [21] identified ETEC in 21 % of patients, a similar finding to that presented here. However, the incidence of shigella infections, principally due to Skhigella sonnei was higher in US personnel (19% of patients [21]) than in British troops (3 %).…”

Section: Properties Of Etec Strains Isolatedsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…However, the incidence of shigella infections, principally due to Skhigella sonnei was higher in US personnel (19% of patients [21]) than in British troops (3 %). Enterotoxigenic E. coli have been reported as a cause of infantile diarrhoea in the Gulf region, although the isolation rate of approximately 9 % [22] may be less than that in many developing countries.…”

Section: Properties Of Etec Strains Isolatedmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…In the study of Hyams and colleagues [21], the majority of ETEC strains isolated from US troops produced both ST and LT, with ST producers the next most prevalent group. Serological identification of their 132 ETEC isolates [23] showed that they belonged to 32 0: H serotypes but only three of these (06: H16, 0128:H12 and 0148:H28) were the same as those reported here.…”

Section: Properties Of Etec Strains Isolatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ETEC strains isolated from American personnel in Saudi Arabia in 1990 showed similarities in O:H serotypes, enterotoxin types and colonization antigens to ETEC isolated in Egypt in 1989 [23]. Rations for British soldiers were provided almost exclusively from the usual UK suppliers whereas food for US personnel was supplemented with fresh produce from South West Asian countries and dairy products from Saudi Arabia [21].…”

Section: Properties Of Etec Strains Isolatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Isolation of enterotoxigenicEscherichia colifrom British troops in Saudi Arabia

Willshaw¹,

Cheasty²,

Rowe³

et al. 1995

Epidemiol. Infect.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUAIMARYSpecimens from 181 patients with diarrhoea were examined by a Military General Hospital in a 3-month period during deployment of troops to Saudi Arabia in 1990/1. DNA probes for heat labile (LT) and heat stable (ST) enterotoxin genes identified enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) in 47 of the specimens (26%) and 49 ETEC strains were isolated. The majority (55%) belonged to a novel ETEC serotype having the 0-antigen 159 and a flagellar antigen designated as a provisional new type. They produced ST and the coli surface associated antigen (CS)6. Strains of serotype 06: H16 represented 22 % of the ETEC examined. They produced ST, LT and C53 together with either CS1 or C52. The remaining ETEC belonged to seven 0: H serotypes. Overall, ST was the only enterotoxin gene identified in 73 % of the ETEC and 67 % of the strains expressed CS6 in the absence of other colonization antigens. Resistance to three or more antibiotics was observed in 53 % of the ETEC, including most of the 0159 strains.

show abstract

Section: Properties Of Etec Strains Isolatedsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Properties Of Etec Strains Isolatedmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Properties Of Etec Strains Isolatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Properties Of Etec Strains Isolatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Isolation of enterotoxigenicEscherichia colifrom British troops in Saudi Arabia

Willshaw¹,

Cheasty²,

Rowe³

et al. 1995

Epidemiol. Infect.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…En un estudio etiológico de 432 casos, el primer lugar fue para el género Shigella, con un 25,2% de las diarreas, aventajando al 19,7% de Escherichia, aunque el bacilo de Shiga apenas afectó a 4 soldados, con un modesto 0,9%. Pero estuvo ahí, una vez más, como en los tiempos de Heródoto 20 .…”

Section: Walter Ledermann Dunclassified

Una historia de la Shigella, desde Jerjes a Saddam Hussein

D.¹

2003

Rev. chil. infectol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

La disentería constituye una entidad conocida desde muy antiguo. Por supuesto -¡cómo no!-ya fue mencionada por Hipócrates medio milenio antes de Cristo. Compañera inseparable de la infantería en las largas marchas de la historia bélica, aparece en boca de Heródoto diezmando a las tropas que Jerjes dejara con Mardonio en Tesalia, luego de su desastrosa derrota en Salamina. "Y cuando no hallaban víveres algunos", cuenta en Urania, el octavo de los Nueve libros de la Historia, "contentábanse con la hierba que la tierra naturalmente les daba En la Edad Media se registra una gran epidemia en Bourdeaux, Francia, en el 1401, durante el curso de los enfrentamientos entre los bandos de Borgoña y de Orleans, que tuvo una letalidad superior a la procurada por las armas. Superado el brote, la bacteria causante permaneció al acecho, como si presintiera que estaba destinada a salvar al país de los apetitos ingleses. El 11 de agosto de 1415, Henry V desembarcó en Harfleur, sitiando esta plaza, que terminó por caer a mediados de septiembre, dando lugar a los inmortales versos de Shakespeare:Otra vez en la brecha, amigos queridos, otra vez, O a cerrar la muralla con nuestros muertos ingleses.La campaña de Henry V fue breve y se la recuerda, más por sus logros políticos, que poco duraron, por su glorioso triunfo en Azincourt. Los franceses, superiores en una proporción de veinte a uno, confiaban en tomar merecida venganza de su célebre derrota en Crecy el pasado siglo; en la noche anterior, seguros y jactanciosos, se jugaban a los dados el rescate que pagarían al día siguiente los prisioneros ingleses. El 25 de octubre, día de San Crispín, en un par de horas, Henry V obtuvo, al decir de Churchill, "la victoria más heroica que las armas inglesas han librado en tierra en toda su historia". Tras su victoria, Henry estuvo a un paso de reunir en su persona las coronas de Francia e Inglaterra, lo que se concretaría cuando muriese el Rey Carlos VI de Francia, pero la Shigella dijo otra cosa: "La fortuna, que le diera a Henry V cuanto pudo soñar, no iba a arriesgar tan buena labor concediéndole larga vida : en la pleamar de su poder y su buena fortuna murió, a fines de 1422, de una enfermedad contraída en campaña, probablemente disentería, contra la cual poco podía entonces la medicina" 3 .Esta epidemia, que siguió a la hazaña de Azincourt, duró muchos años y diezmó no sólo los ejércitos en campaña, sino los campos destinados a procurarles los alimentos. Contaminadas las aguas vecinas a los campamentos, sin nociones de higiene y sin ninguna intuición acerca de la forma de contagio, la diseminación por extensas zonas de Francia era inevitable. Tras largos períodos de calma, la endemia se expresaba en súbitos brotes rurales, en relación a los frecuentes conflictos bélicos, que terminaban por llevar la Shigella a las ciudades, situación que se mantuvo a través de la Revolución y del Imperio, hasta tiempos muy recientes. Durante la primera guerra mundial, entre 1914 y 1918, la disentería se hizo presente todos los años en la estación cálida,...

show abstract

Chronic Multisymptom Illness Affecting Air Force Veterans of the Gulf War

Fukuda¹

1998

JAMA

638

632

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Context.-Gulf War (GW) veterans report nonspecific symptoms significantly more often than their nondeployed peers. However, no specific disorder has been identified, and the etiologic basis and clinical significance of their symptoms remain unclear.Objectives.-To organize symptoms reported by US Air Force GW veterans into a case definition, to characterize clinical features, and to evaluate risk factors. Design.-Cross-sectional population survey of individual characteristics and symptoms and clinical evaluation (including a structured interview, the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36, psychiatric screening, physical examination, clinical laboratory tests, and serologic assays for antibodies against viruses, rickettsia, parasites, and bacteria) conducted in 1995. Participants and Setting.-The cross-sectional questionnaire survey included 3723 currently active volunteers, irrespective of health status or GW participation, from 4 air force populations.The cross-sectional clinical evaluation included 158 GW veterans from one unit, irrespective of health status. Main Outcome Measures.-Symptom-based case definition; case prevalence rate for GW veterans and nondeployed personnel; clinical and laboratory findings among veterans who met the case definition.Results.-We defined a case as having 1 or more chronic symptoms from at least 2 of 3 categories (fatigue, mood-cognition, and musculoskeletal). The prevalence of mild-to-moderate and severe cases was 39% and 6%, respectively, among 1155 GW veterans compared with 14% and 0.7% among 2520 nondeployed personnel. Illness was not associated with time or place of deployment or with duties during the war. Fifty-nine clinically evaluated GW veterans (37%) were noncases, 86 (54%) mild-to-moderate cases, and 13 (8%) severe cases. Although no physical examination, laboratory, or serologic findings identified cases, veterans who met the case definition had significantly diminished functioning and well-being.Conclusions.-Among currently active members of 4 Air Force populations, a chronic multisymptom condition was significantly associated with deployment to the GW. The condition was not associated with specific GW exposures and also affected nondeployed personnel.

show abstract

Diarrheal Disease during Operation Desert Shield

Abstract: Gastroenteritis caused by enterotoxigenic E. coli and shigella resistant to a number of drugs was a major problem that frequently interfered with the duties of U.S. troops during Operation Desert Shield.

Cited by 240 publications

References 36 publications

Isolation of enterotoxigenicEscherichia colifrom British troops in Saudi Arabia

Isolation of enterotoxigenicEscherichia colifrom British troops in Saudi Arabia

Una historia de la Shigella, desde Jerjes a Saddam Hussein

Chronic Multisymptom Illness Affecting Air Force Veterans of the Gulf War

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About